前元音:[i:] [?] [e] [æ]
中元音:[?:] [?]
后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u:] [?] [?]
雙元音(8個)
合口雙元音[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i]
集中雙元音[i?] [ε?] [u?]
一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變 y 為 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
以“f 或 fe”結(jié)尾,變 f 或 fe 為 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原形:
paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 s 如: Lucy s ruler, my father s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’ 如: his friends bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 s children s shoes
并列名詞中,如果把 s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加 s, 如:
Tom s and Mike s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2) 表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:
如: a picture of the classroom a map of China
特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.
復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren t at school.
在序數(shù)詞前:John s birthday is February the second.
用于固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
專有名詞前:China is a big country.
名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can t swim. They are teachers.
在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It s Sunday.
一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
一般在詞尾加er ;
以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;
以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后
⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后
at (on) the weekend在周末---特指
at (on) weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說 at Christmas? 而不說 on Christmas?
1. be動詞:主語+be (am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改 y 為 i 再加 ed (此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加 y ,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
I m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
I m not a student. She is not (isn t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn t) watch TV yesterday evening.
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主語是單數(shù),be 動詞用is ; 主語是復(fù)數(shù),be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品,be 動詞根據(jù)最*近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把 be 動詞調(diào)到句首。
4、there be 句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。
5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的運用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑問句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑問句。
7、針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語?
How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?
8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
What s + 介詞短語?