一、題文齊讀
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什么是“題文齊讀” |
為什么要“題文齊讀” |
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顧名思義就是一邊讀文，一邊用眼睛的余光掃一下題目。二者并不是相互分散精力，而是協(xié)調(diào)配合、相互印證的。要做到雙眼聚焦(一眼側(cè)重于讀文，一眼側(cè)重于掃描對應(yīng)的選項(xiàng))，眼腦共用(邊讀文邊思考，對各空的選項(xiàng)有一個(gè)初判)。這項(xiàng)技能對考生的要求較高，運(yùn)用此法要保證注意力高度集中，要具備較強(qiáng)的聚合思維。考生在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中要多嘗試應(yīng)用才能默化成規(guī)，內(nèi)化于心。 |
(1)一篇約200詞的短文存在15處的空格，信息的殘缺不全造成文意理解的較大障礙。不看選項(xiàng)，不進(jìn)行初判，“硬啃式”讀文會(huì)造成越讀越難，到后面甚至讀得心煩意亂，從而造成文意理解的偏差。 (2)完形填空大部分題目是送分或保分題目，通過邊讀邊預(yù)判是能做對大部分的，隨著一部分空格不斷被填補(bǔ)還原，文意也就越來越明顯，讀文障礙會(huì)越來越少。“題文齊讀”可大大縮減讀文和答題時(shí)間。 |
[典例示范]
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its ____42____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____43____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____44____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____45____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____46____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____47____.
Our____48____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____49____ bunny from the belt. This was _____50_____ than it sounds._____51_____ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d _____52_____ .
Dad ____53____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood_____54_____ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_____55_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
41. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
43. A. generous B. financia l C. technical D. temporary
44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies
45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest
46. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived
47. A. ambition B . permission C. experience D. invitation
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove
50. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper
51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
52. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered
53. A. criedB. smiledC. hesitatedD. refused
54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering
55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了在一次春假時(shí)，我去工廠打工賺錢，感觸頗多。父親認(rèn)為這種工作不僅能讓小孩子感謝得到的報(bào)酬，而且能夠?qū)W會(huì)尊重那些從事這項(xiàng)工作的人。
41【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父親是霍夫面包店的經(jīng)理，在復(fù)活節(jié)期間，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold銷售；B. ordered定制；C. made制作；D. reserved預(yù)定。根據(jù)“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故選C。
42【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父親是霍夫面包店的經(jīng)理，在復(fù)活節(jié)期間，這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools學(xué)校；D. citizens市民。根據(jù)“throughout Cleveland”結(jié)合生活常識，可知這里指的是這家面包店為克利夫蘭所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故選A。
43【答案】D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：春假期間，市中心的工廠需要八個(gè)孩子臨時(shí)幫忙，我除了聽我最喜歡的唱片沒有別的計(jì)劃。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial財(cái)政的；C. technical技術(shù)的；D. temporary暫時(shí)的。根據(jù)“during our spring break”可知這是一份臨時(shí)性的工作。故選D。
44【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：春假期間，市中心的工廠需要八個(gè)孩子臨時(shí)幫忙，我除了聽我最喜歡的唱片沒有別的計(jì)劃。A. plans計(jì)劃；B. problems問題；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies愛好。根據(jù)“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我沒有其他計(jì)劃。故選A。
45【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我掙的是最低工資。A. offer提供；B. earn掙得；C. set放置；D. suggest建議。根據(jù)“minimum wage”可知我掙的是最低工資。故選B。
46【答案】A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想看看工廠是如何運(yùn)作的。A. worked運(yùn)作；B. closed關(guān)閉；C. developed發(fā)展；D. survived幸存。根據(jù)“I'd see how a factory”可知這里意思是我想看看工廠是如何運(yùn)作的。故選A。
47【答案】B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母認(rèn)為這一切都是一個(gè)偉大的主意，并打電話給Betsy的父親，得到了他們的同意 。A. ambition抱負(fù)；B. permission允許；C. experience經(jīng)歷；D. invitation邀請。根據(jù)“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我們已經(jīng)在工廠工作了，所以必然是得到了他們的同意。故選B。
48【答案】C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在工廠的任務(wù)很簡單：把蛋糕放在移動(dòng)的傳送帶上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子從傳送帶上拿下來。A. joys歡樂；B. ideas觀點(diǎn)；C. roles任務(wù)；D. choices選擇。根據(jù)“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知這是我們的任務(wù)。故選C。
49【答案】D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在工廠的任務(wù)很簡單：把蛋糕放在移動(dòng)的傳送帶上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子從傳送帶上拿下來。A. Save節(jié)??；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移動(dòng)。根據(jù)“bunny from the belt.”可知這里意思是把兔子從傳送帶上拿下來。故選D。
50【答案】A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這比聽起來難多了。A. harder更難的；B. better更好的；C. longer更長的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根據(jù)“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知這項(xiàng)工作比聽起來更難。故選A。51【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：慢一點(diǎn)，蛋糕就堆起來了。A. Calm down平靜下來；B. Slow down慢一點(diǎn)；C. Stay on繼續(xù)停留；D. Move on往前走。根據(jù)“and the cakes pile up”可知這里意思是慢一點(diǎn)，就會(huì)造成蛋糕堆積起來的后果。故選B。
52【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：正如我在第一個(gè)晚上的晚餐上告訴父母的那樣，一切都比我預(yù)料的要緊張。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目擊；C. expected預(yù)料；D. remembered記得。根據(jù)“This was 50 than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的實(shí)際情況比我預(yù)料的要緊張。故選C。
53【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：父親笑了。A. cried哭了；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated猶豫；D. refused拒絕。根據(jù)“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”結(jié)合生活常識，可知父親看到我在第一次掙錢的經(jīng)歷中有所感悟和收獲，聯(lián)想到自己童年時(shí)類似的經(jīng)歷，父親會(huì)心的笑了。故選B。
54【答案】D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)雜貨商兒子，他童年的夏天都在新澤西的貝馬茲維爾送外賣。A. tasting品嘗；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送貨。根據(jù)“The son of a grocer”可知作為一個(gè)雜貨商的兒子，他童年的夏天都在新澤西的貝馬茲維爾送外賣。故選D。
55【答案】D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，這種工作能讓你感激得到的報(bào)酬，并尊重那些從事這項(xiàng)工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐贈(zèng)；C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣賞。根據(jù)“the dollars you earned”結(jié)合生活常識，可知孩子們會(huì)感激并且非常珍惜自己勞動(dòng)得到的報(bào)酬。故選D。
二、句群精讀，活用方法，穩(wěn)抓保分題目
通過第一步的通覽文章，明白了文章大意、內(nèi)容梗概后，接下來便是精讀文章，做題的過程。完形填空80%以上的題目都是基礎(chǔ)題目，也就是上文提到的句內(nèi)、句組層次題。對于這些題目，使用“題文齊讀法”在文章的通讀環(huán)節(jié)可預(yù)判解答一部分，但這些題目最終答案的確定則需要精讀文章，做到解題有理有據(jù)、有法可依。
句內(nèi)層次題的解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接做答。對于此類題目，考生可以邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復(fù)原。
方法1 利用習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題
完形填空中經(jīng)常會(huì)考查一些習(xí)慣搭配、固定結(jié)構(gòu)和固定句式，這時(shí)考生就需要運(yùn)用習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)來解題。
[典例]1
I was 43.thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44.meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
45．A.bathedB．clean
C．deep D．formed
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用習(xí)慣搭配解題。此處意為“海灣沐浴在陽光中”，be bathed in為固定搭配，表示“沐浴在……中”。
方法2 利用生活常識和文化背景解題
完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識。考生在做題時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會(huì)大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。
[典例]2
Getting a little 46.closer,_I realized one kayak (皮劃艇) was in 47.trouble. “Something's not 48.right！” I took off my Tshirt and __49__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50.shaking violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __51__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52.occurred to me. Those brown eyes were very 53.familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew. That stranger was my son!
49．A.stared B．sank
C．dived D．fell
51．A.lead B．persuade
C．carry D．keep
[分析] 49.選C 51.選C 這兩道題可以利用生活常識和文化背景解題。根據(jù)生活常識，第49題我注意到一個(gè)皮劃艇出了意外情況，我自然是脫掉T恤衫，“跳進(jìn)”水里救人，dive意為“跳水”；第51題作者和一位教練雙臂連接，兩個(gè)人一起應(yīng)該是將這個(gè)不省人事的年輕人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。
方法3 利用對應(yīng)成分分析法解題
完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，它使句子的各個(gè)成分之間形成一定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對應(yīng)的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。
[典例]3
Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.”
59．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
[分析] 選C 本題可以利用對應(yīng)成分分析法解題。
從上述分析可以看出，第59題與kind形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系。因?yàn)橛衋nd這一并列連詞，并且and前后意思應(yīng)該一致，表示“他做這件事真是太友好和善良了”。故選C。
方法4 利用邏輯關(guān)系解題
此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案，主要應(yīng)用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語；二是考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
[典例]4
We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, __28__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 29.accident.
28．A.and B．then
C．but D．thus
[分析] 選C 本題可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。本空考查連詞。連詞的作用就是將其前后文的已知信息銜接起來，因此可以利用邏輯關(guān)系來解題，即通過分析該未知填空前后文的已知信息的邏輯關(guān)系來確定本題應(yīng)該填入表達(dá)何種邏輯關(guān)系的連詞。
通過上述分析得知本空前后文的已知信息是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此答案是but。and表示并列關(guān)系；then表示順承關(guān)系；thus表示因果關(guān)系。
方法5 利用語境暗示分析法解題
上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價(jià)、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句內(nèi)層次題中，我們通常可以通過上下文語境暗示，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。
[典例]5
The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner.
55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
56．A.return B．relax
C．speak D．leave
[分析] 55.選A 56.選D 這兩道題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文的“after a brief stay in hospital”，“well enough”和“later the family met up for dinner” 這些暗示中我們可知Ben“很幸運(yùn)”，“被允許出院”。
句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時(shí)需前瞻后顧，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1 利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題
復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，利用文章中的語義復(fù)現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。
[典例6]
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, 41.wrong number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43.special.
42．A.receivedB．translated
C．copied D．printed
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。第42空是上文“get”的同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A項(xiàng)。
[典例7]
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手語)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．formal
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。第41空是上文“explore”的近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A項(xiàng)。
方法2 利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題
在高考完形填空文章中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。
[典例8]
Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41.last seen him. So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
42．A.delight B．relief
C．a(chǎn)nger D．worry
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題。前文提到作者已經(jīng)13年沒見過自己的兒子了，因此當(dāng)兒子發(fā)來郵件說他想來看望作者時(shí)，作者應(yīng)該是感到高興(delight)，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。
方法3 利用邏輯關(guān)系解題
在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。
[典例9]
Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (裝置) on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 45.telephone is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
[分析] 選B 本題是典型的考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目，可以利用邏輯關(guān)系解題。
通過上述對本空前后文已知信息的分析，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文之間是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此答案可以確定為選項(xiàng)B.Yet。thus“因此”；then“隨后”；indeed“的確，確實(shí)”。
方法4 利用語境暗示分析法解題
在句組層次題中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。
[典例10]
On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44.informing him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the __45__ of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis 46.responded. The baby was born and update texts were 47.coming_in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.
45．A.wakeup B．recovery
C．growth D．a(chǎn)rrival
[分析] 選D 本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文“The baby was born”這一暗示信息可知，一對夫婦正在等待寶貝的降臨，因此選arrival“到來，降臨”。
一
Is Tap Water Safe to Drink?
Tap water is not without its problems. More recently, the Michigan City of Flint has been struggling with high lead (鉛) levels in its drinking water. Over the years people have witnessed major ___41___of groundwater pollution leading to unhealthy tap water.
The nonprofit Environmental Working Group (EWG) detected some 260 pollutants in public water supplies in 42 states and faulted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for ___42___ to establish standards on so many of the pollutants - from industry, agriculture, and urban rivers - that do end up in our water.
Despite these seemingly ___43___ statistics, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), which has also conducted a series of ___44___ tests on municipal (市政的) water supplies as well as bottled water, says, “In the short term, if you are an adult with no special health ___45___, and you are not pregnant, then you can drink most cities’ tap water without having to worry.” This is because most of the pollutants in public water supplies exist at such small concentrations that most people would have to ___46___ very large quantities for health problems to occur.
___47___, look at your water bottles carefully. It’s common for them to list the source as “municipal”, which means you paid for what ___48___ is bottled tap water.
“Pregnant women, young children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses and those with weakened immune systems can be vulnerable (脆弱的) to the risks posed by polluted water,” NRDC does ___49___, however. The group suggests that anyone who may be at risk obtain a copy of their city’s annual water quality report and review it with their ___50___.
As for bottled water, 25 to 30 percent of it comes straight from municipal tap water systems, despite the pretty nature ___51___ on the bottles that imply otherwise. Some of that water goes through additional filtering (過濾), but some does not. What’s more, bottled water is required to be ___52___less frequently than tap water for bacteria and chemical pollutants, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration bottled water rules allow for some pollution by E. coli (大腸桿菌), ___53___ to EPA tap water rules that prohibit any such pollution.
Also, NRDC found that there are no ___54___ for bottled water to be disinfected or tested for parasites (寄生蟲), unlike more strict EPA rules regulating tap water. This leaves the possibility ___55___, says NRDC, that some bottled water may present similar health threats to those with weakened immune systems.
41. A. casesB. patternsC. modelsD. modes
42. A. managingB. failingC. competingD. skipping
43. A. endlessB. appealingC. alarming D. meaningless
44. A. expansiveB. expensiveC. aggressive D. extensive
45. A. motivationsB. focusesC. conditions D. proportions
46. A. turn inB. give awayC. take upD. take in
47. A. To start withB. After allC. In addition D. On the whole
48. A. necessarilyB. essentiallyC. accordingly D. dramatically
49. A. recommendB. cautionC. justifyD. urge
50. A. supervisorB. secretaryC. authority D. physician
51. A. scenesB. brandsC. dataD. prints
52. A. questionedB. producedC. tested D. advertised
53. A. contraryB. similarC. relativeD. parallel
54. A. requirementsB. suggestionsC. permissions D. approvals
55. A. realB. minorC. uncertainD. open
這是一篇說明文。自來水中的污染物和細(xì)菌有可能對人體產(chǎn)生危害，文章對這種危害的大小和瓶裝水疏于管理的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了說明。
41【答案】A考查名詞辨析。句意：多年來，人們目睹了地下水污染導(dǎo)致不健康自來水的重大案例。A.cases案例；B.patterns圖案，模式；C.models模型；D.modes模式。根據(jù)“groundwater pollution leading to unhealthy tap water”可知，此處是指地下水污染導(dǎo)致不健康自來水的重大案例。故選A。
42【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：非盈利阻止EWG測試了42個(gè)州的公共水供應(yīng)，指責(zé)美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署(EPA)未能對工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和城市河流中的污染物制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而這些污染物最終確實(shí)進(jìn)入了我們的水中。A.managing管理；B.failing失敗；C.competing比賽；D.skipping跳躍。根據(jù)“do end up in our water”可知，美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署(EPA)未能對工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和城市河流中的污染物制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選B。
43【答案】C考查形容詞辨析。句意：盡管這些數(shù)據(jù)看起來令人擔(dān)憂，自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)(NRDC)也對市政供水和瓶裝水進(jìn)行了一系列廣泛的測試……A.endless無盡的；B.appealing 吸引人的；C.alarming令人擔(dān)憂的；D.meaningless無意義的。此處these statistics是指前文中提到的飲用水污染嚴(yán)重的數(shù)據(jù)，所以是令人擔(dān)憂的。故選C。
44【答案】D考查形容詞辨析。句意：盡管這些數(shù)據(jù)看起來令人擔(dān)憂，自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)(NRDC)也對市政供水和瓶裝水進(jìn)行了一系列廣泛的測試……A.expansive廣闊的，廣泛的；B.expensive昂貴的；C.aggressive侵略性的；D.extensive 廣泛的。根據(jù)“on municipal (市政的) water supplies as well as bottled water”可知，這次測試的范圍很廣泛。故選D。
45【答案】C考查名詞辨析。句意：在短期內(nèi)，如果你是沒有特殊健康狀況的成年人，而且你沒有懷孕，那么你可以喝大多數(shù)城市的自來水而不必?fù)?dān)心。A.motivations動(dòng)機(jī)；B.focuses焦點(diǎn)；C.conditions狀況；D.proportions比例。根據(jù)“you are not pregnant”可知，此處是指身體狀況。故選C。
46【答案】D考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這是因?yàn)楣补┧写蠖鄶?shù)污染物的濃度都很小，大多數(shù)人必須攝入大量的污染物才會(huì)出現(xiàn)健康問題。A.turn in交上；B.give away贈(zèng)送；C.take up占據(jù)；D.take in吸收。根據(jù)“for health problems to occur”可知，此處是指大多數(shù)人必須攝入大量的污染物才會(huì)出現(xiàn)健康問題。故選D。
47【答案】C考查介詞短語辨析。句意：另外，仔細(xì)檢查你的水瓶。A.To start with首先；B.After all畢竟；C.In addition另外；D.On the whole整體上。結(jié)合上文提到城市供水，根據(jù)“look at your water bottles carefully”可知，此處是講了另外一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。故選C。
48【答案】B考查副詞辨析。句意：他們通常會(huì)把水源標(biāo)為“市政”，也就是說你買的其實(shí)是瓶裝自來水。A.necessarily必要地；B.essentially本質(zhì)上；C.accordingly因此，于是；D.dramatically顯著地，劇烈地。根據(jù)“ It’s common for them to list the source as “municipal””和“bottled tap water”可知，此處是指瓶裝水的實(shí)質(zhì)通常是自來水。故選B。
49【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：然而，自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)也發(fā)出了警告。A.recommend推薦；B.caution警告；C.justify證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)模籇.urge敦促。根據(jù)“Pregnant women, young children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses and those with weakened immune systems can be vulnerable (脆弱的) to the risks posed by polluted water”（孕婦、兒童、老年人、慢性病患者和免疫系統(tǒng)較弱的人可能容易受到水污染帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知，此處是指自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)也發(fā)出了警告。故選B。
50【答案】D考查名詞辨析。句意：該組織建議，任何可能有危險(xiǎn)的人都應(yīng)該獲得一份他們所在城市的年度水質(zhì)報(bào)告，并與他們的醫(yī)生一起審查。A.supervisor監(jiān)督人，指導(dǎo)者；B.secretary秘書；C.authority權(quán)威；D.physician醫(yī)生。根據(jù)“anyone who may be at risk”可知，此處是指身體有可能受到水污染影響的人應(yīng)該和醫(yī)生一起查看水質(zhì)報(bào)告，保證自己的健康。故選D。
51【答案】A考查名詞辨析。句意：至于瓶裝水，有25%到30%直接來自市政自來水系統(tǒng)，盡管瓶子上美麗的自然景色暗示著其他的東西。A.scenes景色，場景；B.brands商標(biāo)；C.data數(shù)據(jù)；D.prints印刷業(yè)。根據(jù)“nature”可知，此處是指瓶裝水包裝上的自然景色。故選A。
52【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：此外，瓶裝水對細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染物的檢測頻率比自來水要低，美國食品和藥物管理局的規(guī)定允許大腸桿菌污染瓶裝水，這與EPA禁止任何此類污染的自來水規(guī)定相悖。A.questioned質(zhì)疑；B.produced制造；C.tested檢測；D.advertised做廣告。根據(jù)“for bacteria and chemical pollutants”可知，此處是指檢測細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染物。故選C。
53【答案】A考查形容詞辨析。句意：此外，瓶裝水對細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染物的檢測頻率比自來水要低，美國食品和藥物管理局的規(guī)定允許大腸桿菌污染瓶裝水，這與EPA禁止任何此類污染的自來水規(guī)定相悖。A.contrary相反的；B.similar相似的；C.relative相對的；D.parallel平行的。根據(jù)“prohibit any such pollution”和“allow for some pollution by E. coli”可知，這兩者是相悖的。故選A。
54【答案】A考查名詞辨析。句意：此外，NRDC還發(fā)現(xiàn)，瓶裝水沒有消毒或檢測寄生蟲的要求，這與EPA對自來水的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定不同。A.requirements要求；B.suggestions建議；C.permissions允許；D.approvals批準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)“ unlike more strict EPA rules regulating tap water”可知，此處是指瓶裝水沒有消毒或檢測寄生蟲的要求。故選A。
55【答案】D考查形容詞辨析。句意：自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)說，這就留下了一種可能性，即一些瓶裝水可能會(huì)對那些免疫系統(tǒng)薄弱的人造成類似的健康威脅。A.real真實(shí)的；B.minor未成年的；C.uncertain不確定的；D.open開放的。根據(jù)“some bottled water may present similar health threats to those with weakened immune systems”可知，此處是指這導(dǎo)致一些瓶裝水可能會(huì)對那些免疫系統(tǒng)薄弱的人造成類似的健康威脅，所以是指這種可能性是開放的。故選D。
二
A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap
One of the most efficient ways to promote peace and jump-start flagging economies is to empower girls and invest in their education. Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education is ___41___when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys. And because the world is ever more digital, those who lack basic Internet skills will find it____42____difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to___43___health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard.
Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent. ____44____yet, women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less____45____than men and boys to have access to the Internet. In developing countries, some 200 million fewer women than men own a mobile phone, the most common means of Internet access there. This digital____46____is increasing, and should it continue at the present pace, it is predicted that over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and ____47____skills.
There are many causes for the digital gender gap. They include girls’ obvious _____48_____from basic education, from specific technology education and design, high costs of both_____49_____and Internet access, scarcity of content relevant for women and girls, and socio-cultural biases and______50______, such as barriers to women speaking freely and privately both online and offline. Indeed, one of the most insidious (隱伏的) reasons why girls may be______51______from learning how to access and use digital technology is also a groundless one: that girls are simply not good at using technology. The United Nations has announced that human rights online are human rights offline. These stereotypes reinforce harmful norms that keep women and girls from enjoying their human rights.
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, an independent, non-profit and non-governmental research organization, the gender digital gap is a major_____52_____to women’s economic empowerment and participation in the economy. _____53_____a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality. This also results in______54______economic growth and innovation that is possible only when men and women have equal access to technology and the economy.
In the words of USAID Senior Gender Coordinator Michelle Bekkering, “A girl’s future should be_____55_____not by her sex, but by her commitment to hard work and ability to access the resources she needs to succeed.”
41. A. improved B. eliminated C. worsened D. resulted
42. A. considerately B. increasingly C. only D. technically
43. A. access B. approach C. evaluate D. promote
44. A. However B. Worse C. And D. Strangely
45. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. feasible
46. A. gap B. difference C. data D. shortage
47. A. digital B. technical C. mathematical D. practical
48. A. restriction B. exclusion C. independence D. division
49. A. implements B. devices C. products D. experts
50. A. research B. criticism C. discrimination D. distinction
51. A. encouraged B. prevented C. denied D. disappointed
52. A. deadlock B. concern C. prevention D. barrier
53. A. With B. Without C. Through D. Despite
54. A. faint B. lost C. missed D. rapid
55. A. defined B. confined C. designed D. outlined
【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了，當(dāng)今男女教育不平等，女孩們?nèi)鄙倩揪W(wǎng)絡(luò)技能的現(xiàn)狀，其原因，結(jié)果和解決措施，強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有政府的幫助，技術(shù)變革的大部分好處只有男人才能享受，從而加劇性別的不平等。
41【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，在使用數(shù)字技術(shù)方面，女孩得不到基礎(chǔ)教育的情況更加惡化，使她們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于男孩。A. improved提高；B. eliminated消滅；C. worsened惡化；D. resulted發(fā)生。由下文的“when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys”，可知在使用數(shù)字技術(shù)方面，女孩遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于男孩，說明女孩得不到基礎(chǔ)教育的情況在更加惡化。故選C項(xiàng)。
42【答案】B考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：由于世界越來越數(shù)字化，那些缺少基本互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技能的人將越來越難以參與正規(guī)經(jīng)濟(jì)、獲得高質(zhì)量的教育、獲得醫(yī)療保健、信息和心理社會(huì)支持，也越來越難以聽到自己的聲音。A. considerately體貼地；B. increasingly越來越多地；C. only只有；D. technically技術(shù)上。由上文的“because the world is ever more digital”可知，是由于世界越來越數(shù)字化，缺少基本互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技能的人才會(huì)在社會(huì)上越來越難。故選B項(xiàng)。
43【答案】A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：由于世界越來越數(shù)字化，那些缺少基本互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技能的人將越來越難以參與正規(guī)經(jīng)濟(jì)、獲得高質(zhì)量的教育、獲得醫(yī)療保健、信息和心理社會(huì)支持，也越來越難以聽到自己的聲音。A. access使用；B. approach靠近；C. evaluate評估；D. promote提高。由“health care”可知，此處指使用（獲得）醫(yī)療保健。故選A項(xiàng)。
44【答案】B考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最貧窮國家的婦女和女孩上網(wǎng)的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. However然而；B. Worse更糟糕地；C. And并且；D. Strangely奇怪地。由上文的“Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent.”和下文的“women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less____5____than men and boys to have access to the Internet”可知，上文陳述了自2013年以來，全球男女上網(wǎng)的性別差距實(shí)際上從11%增加到了12%，后文講生活在最貧窮國家的婦女和女孩上網(wǎng)的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，說明數(shù)字性別差距的情況更加糟糕。故選B項(xiàng)。
45【答案】C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最貧窮國家的婦女和女孩上網(wǎng)的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. possible（客觀上）可能的；B. probable（有充分的依據(jù)或者理由）很可能發(fā)生的；C. likely（暗示有較大的）可能的；D. feasible可行的。由上文語境可知，全球男女上網(wǎng)的性別差距實(shí)際上從11%增加到了12%，而此處講最貧窮國家的婦女和女孩上網(wǎng)的可能性問題，possible和probable可用物或it作主語，一般不用人來作主語；而likely可以用人或物或it來作主語，本句主語是人women and girls living in the poorest countries，用likely。故選C項(xiàng)。
46【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一數(shù)字差距正在擴(kuò)大，如果按目前的速度繼續(xù)下去，預(yù)計(jì)75%以上的婦女和女孩將缺少互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入和數(shù)字技能。A. gap差距；B. difference不同；C. data數(shù)據(jù)；D. shortage短缺。由標(biāo)題“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，全球男女上網(wǎng)的性別差距實(shí)際上從11%增加到了12%，生活在最貧窮國家的婦女和女孩上網(wǎng)的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，在發(fā)展中國家，擁有手機(jī)的婦女比男子少2億左右，說明數(shù)字性別差距正在擴(kuò)大。故選A項(xiàng)。
47【答案】A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這一數(shù)字差距正在擴(kuò)大，如果按目前的速度繼續(xù)下去，預(yù)計(jì)75%以上的婦女和女孩將缺少互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入和數(shù)字技能。A. digital數(shù)字的；B. technical技術(shù)上的；C. mathematical數(shù)學(xué)的；D. practical實(shí)際上。由標(biāo)題“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，文章在講，相對于男性，女性在數(shù)字科技上缺少接觸的機(jī)會(huì)，造成了數(shù)字性別差距，如果差距一直擴(kuò)大，不會(huì)上網(wǎng)的女性會(huì)缺少數(shù)字技能。故選A項(xiàng)。
48【答案】B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明顯被排除在基礎(chǔ)教育之外，被排除在特定的技術(shù)教育和設(shè)計(jì)之外，設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入費(fèi)用高昂，與婦女和女孩有關(guān)的內(nèi)容匱乏，以及社會(huì)文化偏見和歧視，例如阻礙婦女在網(wǎng)上和網(wǎng)下自由和私下發(fā)言的障礙。A. restriction限制；B. exclusion排斥；C. independence獨(dú)立；D. division分開。由上文的“Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education”和“There are many causes for the digital gender gap.”可知，此處在講造成數(shù)字性別差距的原因，女孩得不到基礎(chǔ)教育，說明女孩明顯被排除在基礎(chǔ)教育之外了。故選B項(xiàng)。
49【答案】B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明顯被排除在基礎(chǔ)教育之外，被排除在特定的技術(shù)教育和設(shè)計(jì)之外，設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入費(fèi)用高昂，與婦女和女孩有關(guān)的內(nèi)容匱乏，以及社會(huì)文化偏見和歧視，例如阻礙婦女在網(wǎng)上和網(wǎng)下自由和私下發(fā)言的障礙。A. implements工具；B. devices裝置；C. products產(chǎn)品；D. experts專家。由本處的“both_____9_____and Internet access”可知，此處指設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入的事情。故選B項(xiàng)。
50【答案】C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明顯被排除在基礎(chǔ)教育之外，被排除在特定的技術(shù)教育和設(shè)計(jì)之外，設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入費(fèi)用高昂，與婦女和女孩有關(guān)的內(nèi)容匱乏，以及社會(huì)文化偏見和歧視，例如阻礙婦女在網(wǎng)上和網(wǎng)下自由和私下發(fā)言的障礙。A. research研究；B. criticism批評；C. discrimination歧視；D. distinction區(qū)別。由上文的“socio-cultural biases and”可知，此處選擇內(nèi)容應(yīng)與“對女性的社會(huì)文化偏見”有關(guān)，“歧視”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。
51【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，女孩學(xué)習(xí)如何獲取和使用數(shù)字技術(shù)可能被阻止的一個(gè)最隱伏的原因也是毫無根據(jù)的：女孩根本不擅長使用技術(shù)。A. encouraged鼓勵(lì)；B. prevented阻止；C. denied否定；D. disappointed使失望。由上文語境可知，本段主要講，因?yàn)榕⒚黠@被排除在基礎(chǔ)教育之外，被排除在特定的技術(shù)教育和設(shè)計(jì)之外，設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入費(fèi)用高昂等原因，女性就被阻止獲取和使用數(shù)字技術(shù)，導(dǎo)致數(shù)字性別差距變大。故選B項(xiàng)。
52【答案】D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：國際可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所是一個(gè)獨(dú)立、非營利和非政府的研究組織，它認(rèn)為，性別數(shù)字差距是婦女獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)力和參與經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)主要障礙。A. deadlock僵局；B. concern擔(dān)心；C. prevention阻止；D. barrier障礙。由上文的“difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to___3___health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard”，“over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and ____7____skills”和語境可知，由于各種原因，女性被阻止獲取和使用數(shù)字技術(shù)，她們不會(huì)數(shù)字技能，也越來越難以聽到自己的聲音，對于女性獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)力和參與經(jīng)濟(jì)肯定是一個(gè)主要障礙。故選D項(xiàng)。
53【答案】B考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：如果不大力增加政策努力和投資，技術(shù)變革的大部分好處將只能由男子享受，從而加劇兩性不平等。A. With有；B. Without沒有；C. Through通過；D. Despite盡管。由本處語境可知，此處用Without，表示如果不大力增加政策努力和投資，技術(shù)變革的大部分好處將只能由男子享受，從而加劇兩性不平等。故選B項(xiàng)。
54【答案】B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這也導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和創(chuàng)新的喪失，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和創(chuàng)新只有在男女平等獲得技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的情況下，這才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。A. faint不清楚的；B. lost失去的；C. missed錯(cuò)過；D. rapid快速的。由上文的“___13____a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality.”可知，上文在講如果不對女性數(shù)字教育大力增加政策努力和投資的糟糕后果，即加劇兩性不平等、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和創(chuàng)新的喪失。故選B項(xiàng)。
55【答案】A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：用美國國際開發(fā)署高級性別問題協(xié)調(diào)員米歇爾·貝克林的話來說，“一個(gè)女孩的未來不應(yīng)該由她的性別來決定，而應(yīng)該由她對努力工作的承諾和獲得成功所需資源的能力來決定。”A. defined決定；B. confined限制；C. designed設(shè)計(jì)；D. outlined概述。由本處語境可知，此處在講女孩未來由什么決定。故選A項(xiàng)。
三
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car ____21____ for a while. As I was ____22____, I let her have it. On the ____23____ of the car park I backed into the next available spot — it was a tight fit.
Pretty soon, I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I ____24____ my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a ____25____ woman reverse park (倒車).
Just as I ____26____ my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car space ____27____. She was giving a mean odd ____28____— half puzzled, half intent (熱切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I ____29____ the same lady looking in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This might sound crazy but I was on my way to ______30______ some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins.” “You are just so much like her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the ______31______, “I think she would like you to have it.” Shocked, I took it from her ______32______. She smiled and walked away.
After a pause, I opened the box. ______33______ was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was the nicest gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete ______34______. The necklace was around my neck, a warm ______35______ of human kindness.
21. A. watching B. circling C. running D. crossing
22. A. in a hurry B. in a dilemma C. in a good mood D. in panic
23. A. edge B. barrier C. stage D. point
24. A. turned B. broke C. divided D. emptied
25. A. struggling B. trembling C. wandering D. whistling
26. A. started B. approached C. parked D. entered
27. A. former B. later C. ago D. earlier
28. A. explanation B. look C. answer D. coincidence
29. A. located B. caught C. spotted D. sought
30. A. sellB. wipeC. dropD. send
31. A. back seatB. carC. itemsD. window
32. A. automatically B. accidentally C. eventually D. unwillingly
33 A. Inside B. Around C. Beneath D. Nearby
34. A. friend B. companion C. relative D. stranger
35. A. award B. expectation C. reminder D. view
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在超市的停車場把自己找到的停車位讓給了一位女士，而作者的善良也同樣得到了一份善良的回報(bào)——獲贈(zèng)一條漂亮的項(xiàng)鏈。
21【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第一個(gè)停車位我發(fā)現(xiàn)很方便，但我注意到一輛藍(lán)色汽車在停車場里繞了有一陣子了。A. watching觀察；B. circling盤旋，轉(zhuǎn)圈；C. running奔跑，經(jīng)營；D. crossing橫過，交叉。根據(jù)上文的My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space found was convenient及下文的I let her have it可知，作者留意到一個(gè)女士開著藍(lán)色汽車在停車場里繞來繞去找可停的車位。故B項(xiàng)正確。
22【答案】C考查介詞短語辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲倚那椴诲e(cuò)，所以我把那個(gè)車位讓給了她。A. in a hurry立即，匆忙；B. in a dilemma進(jìn)退兩難；C. in a good mood心情好；D. in panic驚慌地。根據(jù)下文的I let her have it.以及下一段的Feeling good可知，作者因?yàn)樾那椴诲e(cuò)才將車位讓給了那位女士。故C項(xiàng)正確。
23【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到了停車場的邊緣，我把車倒進(jìn)了下一個(gè)停車位——停車位太緊了。A. edge邊緣；B. barrier障礙物，屏障；C. stage舞臺，階段；D. point點(diǎn)。根據(jù)上文的convenient和下文的it was tight fit.可知，相比上一個(gè)方便的車位，作者在停車場的邊緣找到了一個(gè)不太方便停的車位。故A項(xiàng)正確。
24【答案】D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：心情不錯(cuò)，我把錢包里的零錢全倒在一個(gè)無家可歸的男人手里，幫助一個(gè)苦苦掙扎的女人倒車。A. turned轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；B. broke打破；C. divided分配；D. emptied清空。根據(jù)下文的my purse change into the hands of a homeless man可知，作者把錢包里的零錢全都給了一個(gè)無家可歸的人。故D項(xiàng)正確。
25【答案】A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. struggling苦苦掙扎的；B. trembling發(fā)抖的；C. wandering徘徊的；D. whistling鳴笛的。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，女司機(jī)操作不熟練，倒車很費(fèi)力，所以作者才幫她。故A項(xiàng)正確。
26【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在我走近我的車時(shí)，我看到了早些時(shí)候我讓給她車位的那個(gè)女士。A. started開始，啟動(dòng)；B. approached接近；C. parked停放；D. entered進(jìn)入。根據(jù)下文的As I squeezed back into my car可知，此時(shí)作者還未上車或是啟動(dòng)汽車，應(yīng)該是剛走近汽車。故B項(xiàng)正確。
27【答案】D考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. former從前；B. later后來；C. ago以前；D. earlier早些時(shí)候。根據(jù)上文的I let her have it可知，作者早些時(shí)候剛把自己找到的車位讓給了這位女士。故D項(xiàng)正確。
28【答案】B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她露出一種十分奇怪的樣子——半是困惑，半是急切。A. explanation解釋；B. look樣子，面容；C. answer回答，解決方法；D. coincidence巧合，同時(shí)發(fā)生。根據(jù)破折號后的half puzzled, half intent(熱切的)可知，此處指的是樣子。故B項(xiàng)正確。
29【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我擠進(jìn)車?yán)飼r(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)還是那個(gè)女人在看我。A. located查找……的地點(diǎn)，定位；B. caught趕上；C. spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)出；D. sought尋求。根據(jù)下文的the same lady looking in at me可知，此處指作者看到的情景。故C項(xiàng)正確。
30【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：“你好，”她遲疑地說。“這聽起來可能有點(diǎn)瘋狂，但我是在去慈善垃圾箱送我媽媽的東西的路上。”A. sell off廉價(jià)出清（存貨）；B. wipe off除去，勾銷（債務(wù)等）；C. drop off讓……下車，減少，將……放下；D. send off寄出、發(fā)出。根據(jù)下文的some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins可知，這個(gè)女士說她正要把她母親的一些東西送到慈善箱。故C項(xiàng)正確。
31【答案】D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她意味深長地看了看我，然后從車窗遞進(jìn)來一個(gè)盒子，說：“我想她想把它送給你。”A. back seat車后座；B. car汽車；C. items物品，項(xiàng)目；D. window窗戶。根據(jù)上文looking at me以及passed box in可知，作者坐在車內(nèi)，而那位女士在車外從車窗遞進(jìn)來一個(gè)盒子，注意這里不可以說through the car。故D項(xiàng)正確。
32【答案】A考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我很震驚，不由自主地把它從她手里接過來。她笑了笑，走開了。A. automatically無意識地；B. accidentally意外地；C. eventually終于；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根據(jù)上文的Shocked及下文的She smiled and walked away可知，作者不由自主地從她手里接過了那個(gè)盒子。故A項(xiàng)正確。
33【答案】A考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：停了一會(huì)兒，我打開了盒子。里面有一條漂亮的金項(xiàng)鏈，上面有一顆很大的灰色珍珠。A. Inside在里面，在內(nèi)部；B. Around在四周，到處；C. Beneath在下方；D. Nearby在附近。根據(jù)上文的opened the box可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子里裝的是一條項(xiàng)鏈。故A項(xiàng)正確。
34【答案】D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我收到的最好的禮物，而且是一個(gè)完全陌生的人送的。A. friend朋友；B. companion同伴；C. relative親戚；D. stranger陌生人。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者和那位女士在停車場里初次相遇，她并不認(rèn)識她們母女，因此她們是陌生人。故D項(xiàng)正確。
35【答案】C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：項(xiàng)鏈掛在我的脖子上，溫暖地提醒我人性的善良。A. award獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金；B. expectation期待，預(yù)期；C. reminder提醒的人/物；D. view視野。根據(jù)下文的of human kindness可知，那條項(xiàng)鏈提醒著我人性的善良。故C項(xiàng)正確。
四
閱讀下面短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
Very few of us become fluent in another language by learning it in high school.
I went to university and then moved across the country to seek a____21____ job, married and raised children. I made an effort to keep the little bit of French I learned in school, but eventually I realized that this was really____22____. I was quite aware that new languages are best learned when young, and that our abilities in that regard decline with ____23____.
However, just before my 50th birthday, I ____24____French classes. After I was tested to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the introductory level When I looked around at my first class, I was ____25____that many of the students were learning French as a third, fourth or even fifth language.
Contrary to my ____26____ that learning a new language was impossibly difficult, there were people who learned new languages as a matter of course.While I had always thought of myself as a ____27____ learner, that was no longer the case. I ____28____ new vocabulary rather slowly.What I learned one week seemed to ____29____ as soon as I learned the next skill. I had to look up the same words and language structures over and over. Now, after several years of learning, I can listen to the news in French and ____30____90% of it on the first try, read a novel if the language isn't too ____31____ and hold up my end of a conversation if it doesn't go loo fast. I've learned so much beyond grammar and vocabulary. I've met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the ____32____to make fools of themselves in order to learn something new. I've been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many comers of the world. Listening to the news as it is ____33____ to the people of France, I have a renewed understanding of how something can look ____34____different from another viewpoint. I've learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of thinking. But most of all, I've learned that it is never too____35____to learn something new.
21. A. demanding B. temporary C. meaningful D. popular
22. A. helpful B. pointless C. worthwhile D. necessary
23. A. health B. concern C. interest D. age
24. A. got ready for B. got on with C. signed up for D. fell in love with
25. A. disappointed B. amazed C. annoyed D. excited
26. A. agreement B. research C. assumption D. conclusion
27. A. clumsy B. confident C. serious D. quick
28. A. absorbed B. consulted C. created D. recognized
29. A. go down B. slip away C. pay off D. build up
30. A. catch B. recite C. guess D. hear
31. A. changeable B. international C. difficult D. native
32. A. chance B. trick C. courage D. desire
33. A. announced B. sent C. returned D. presented
34. A. completely B. equally C. roughly D. slightly
35. A. slow B. impossible C. inconvenient D. late
【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議類的文章。文章介紹了作者在50歲學(xué)習(xí)法語，歷經(jīng)幾年的努力，終于大概掌握這門語言的過程。同時(shí)，作者還介紹了自己一些感想和體會(huì)。
21.【答案】A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我上了大學(xué)，然后到全國各地尋找一份要求很高的工作，結(jié)婚，養(yǎng)育孩子。A. demanding要求高的；B. temporary暫時(shí)的；C. meaningful有意義的；D. popular流行的，受歡迎的。根據(jù)前面“moved across the country”可知，作者大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后，到全國各地去找工作，由此推知，作者應(yīng)該是想找一份好工作，根據(jù)常識可知，好工作往往“要求比較高”。故選A。
22.【答案】D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我努力保持在學(xué)校學(xué)的那一點(diǎn)法語，但最終我意識到這是毫無意義的。 A. helpful有幫助的；B. pointless無意義的；C. worthwhile值得的；D. necessary必要的。根據(jù)but轉(zhuǎn)折可知，作者想保持在學(xué)校學(xué)的那一點(diǎn)法語，但最終失敗了。所以他意識到自己的努力是“沒有意義的”。故選B。
23.【答案】D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很清楚，學(xué)習(xí)新語言最好是在年輕的時(shí)候，而我們在這方面的能力會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而衰退。A. health健康；B. concern關(guān)心；C. interest興趣；D. age年齡。根據(jù)前一句“new languages are best learned when young(學(xué)習(xí)新語言最好是在年輕的時(shí)候)”可以推知，語言學(xué)習(xí)能力會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而衰退。故選D。
24.【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：然而，就在我50歲生日前夕，我報(bào)了法語班。A. got ready for為……做好準(zhǔn)備；B. got on with和……相處；C. signed up for報(bào)名參加；D. fell in love with愛上。根據(jù)下一句“After I was tested to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the introductory ___6___”可知，作者經(jīng)過測試被放到了入門級別。由此推知，作者報(bào)名參加法語班。故選C。
25.【答案】B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在第一堂課上環(huán)顧四周時(shí)，我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多學(xué)生都在把法語作為第三、第四甚至第五種語言來學(xué)習(xí)。A. disappointed失望的；B. amazed驚奇的；C. annoyed惱怒的，生氣的；D. excited興奮的。許多學(xué)生都在把法語作為第三、第四甚至第五種語言來學(xué)習(xí)，這是出乎作者意料的，因此作者非常“驚訝”。故選B。
26.【答案】C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與我的設(shè)想（學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言是非常困難的）相反，有一些人把新語言作為一件理所當(dāng)然的事情來學(xué)習(xí)。A. agreement協(xié)議，一致；B. research研究；C. assumption假定，設(shè)想；D. conclusion結(jié)論。學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言是非常困難的，這是作者初學(xué)這門語言時(shí)的“設(shè)想”。故選C。
27.【答案】D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我一直認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)快速的學(xué)習(xí)者，但情況不再是這樣。A. clumsy笨拙的；B. confident有信心的；C. serious嚴(yán)肅的；D. quick快速的。根據(jù)下文中的“that was no longer the case ”和“rather slowly”可知，作者學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯相當(dāng)?shù)芈?。由此推知，他原本認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)學(xué)東西很快的人，實(shí)際情況并非如此。故選D。
28.【答案】A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我吸收新詞匯的速度相當(dāng)慢。A. absorbed吸收；B. consulted咨詢；C. created創(chuàng)造；D. recognized認(rèn)出。作者學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯的速度相當(dāng)慢，即：作者“吸收”新詞匯的速度慢。故選A。
29.【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)我學(xué)會(huì)了下一項(xiàng)技能時(shí)，我一周所學(xué)到的似乎就消失了。A. go down下降；B. slip away逃走，悄悄溜走；C. pay off還清；D. build up建造。根據(jù)前一句作者吸收新詞匯速度慢可知，作者學(xué)會(huì)下一個(gè)技能，前一周剛學(xué)的東西就會(huì)被忘記，即：前一周學(xué)的東西“溜走”了。故選B。
30.【答案】A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，經(jīng)過幾年的學(xué)習(xí)，我可以聽法語新聞，一次就能理解90%的內(nèi)容。A. catch理解，抓??；B. recite背誦；C. guess猜測；D. hear聽見。該句陳述作者數(shù)年的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果。因此，該處指作者聽法語新聞時(shí)，一次可以“理解，聽懂”90%的內(nèi)容。故選A。
31.【答案】C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果一本小說的法語不是特別難，我可以讀懂這本小說。A. changeable可改變的；B. international國際的；C. difficult困難的；D. native本地的，本國的。該句表達(dá)作者經(jīng)過數(shù)年的學(xué)習(xí)，已經(jīng)初步掌握了法語。如果一本小說的法語不是過于的難，作者也能看懂。故選C。
32.【答案】C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我遇到過來自世界各地和各行各業(yè)的人，他們?yōu)榱藢W(xué)習(xí)新東西，敢于出丑。A. chance機(jī)會(huì)；B. trick詭計(jì)，惡作??；C. courage勇氣；D. desire欲望，要求。人們?yōu)榱藢W(xué)習(xí)新東西，有敢于出丑的“勇氣”，不怕在別人面前丟臉。故選C。
33.【答案】D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：聽著向法國人民播出的新聞，我對一個(gè)事物從另一個(gè)角度看起來如何會(huì)完全不同有了新的理解。 A. announced 宣布；B. sent派；C. returned返回；D. presented播出。根據(jù)listening可知，當(dāng)新聞被播出時(shí)，作者聽這些新聞。故選D。
34.【答案】A考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：聽著向法國人民播出的新聞，我對一個(gè)事物從另一個(gè)角度看起來如何會(huì)完全不同有了新的理解。A. completely完全地；B. equally平等地；C. roughly粗略地；D. slightly稍微地。根據(jù)前面的“renewed understanding”可知，從另一個(gè)角度，我們對事物會(huì)有“完全”不同的新的理解。故選A。
35.【答案】D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但最重要的是，我懂得了什么時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)新東西都不晚。A. slow慢的；B. impossible不可能的；C. inconvenient不方便的；D. late晚的，遲到的。作者在50多歲開始學(xué)習(xí)法語，經(jīng)過幾年的學(xué)習(xí)，不僅初通法語，而且還有很多感悟。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為：學(xué)習(xí)新東西什么時(shí)候都不“晚”。故選D。
五
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Vlogging is an increasingly popular activity. And it’s no wonder that with so many____21____ vloggers sharing personal experiences in their countries online, young Chinese people have____22____ to hear their stories. But what makes American Jerry Kowal____23____ outstanding as such an influential vlogger?
In videos, Kowal offers his sincere____24____ into current events to his over 53 million followers on video sharing platform Bilibili. ____25____ other vloggers who tend to focus on one topic, his videos____26____ various issues, such as governance, pandemic and____27____. After leaving Chengdu for New York in January, Kowal posted____28____ America’s measures serve to face the COVID-19 outbreak, having visited local hospitals____29____ at the risk of getting infected.
As a responsible citizen journalist, Kowal is deeply concerned about_____30_____ issues. During the protests triggered by George Floyd, an innocent and_____31_____ African American who died while in police custody(拘捕), Kowal_____32_____ questions from his fans about his perspectives and attitude toward this situation. Kowal uploaded an informative video clip explaining that he believed this event was a_____33_____ of racial bias and police violence.
“Vlogs help people learn the culture of other countries...”_____34_____ by CCTV on June 10, he put, “the US, China and everything have all_____35_____ my fancy, which inspires me to tell people what I have seen.”
21. A. foreignB. familiarC. specialD. fine
22. A. dropped inB. taken inC. put inD. tuned in
23. A. littleB. almostC. thatD. enough
24. A. approvalB. expectationC. admissionD. insight
25. A. BesidesB. AgainstC. AsD. Unlike
26. A. checkedB. undertookC. addressedD. spared
27. A. reputationB. racismC. evaluationD. dignity
28. A. whatB. howC. whyD. when
29. A. bravelyB. patientlyC. eagerly D. relaxedly
30. A. recreationalB. culturalC. financialD. social
31. A. unhealthyB. unaffectedC. unarmedD. unkind
32. A. preferredB. encounteredC. recommendedD. ignored
33. A. resultB. misunderstandingC. improvementD. start
34. A. invitedB. interviewedC. encouragedD. praised
35. A. takenB. predictedC. controlledD. missed
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一個(gè)有影響力的美國視頻博主杰里·科瓦爾。
21【答案】A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：難怪有這么多的外國視頻博主在網(wǎng)上分享自己在本國的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，中國年輕人也會(huì)收聽他們的故事。A. foreign外國的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. special特別的；D. fine好的，精美的。根據(jù)“sharing personal experiences in their countries ”可知是外國的視頻博主。故填A(yù)。
22【答案】D考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：難怪有這么多的外國視頻博主在網(wǎng)上分享自己在本國的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，中國年輕人也會(huì)收聽他們的故事。A. dropped in掉進(jìn)，坍塌；B. taken in收進(jìn)，欺騙，吸收，考慮；C. put in提出，放入，種植；D. tuned in收聽，調(diào)諧。根據(jù)“with so many 1 vloggers sharing personal experiences in their countries online”可知中國年輕人也會(huì)收聽他們的故事。故填D。
23【答案】C考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：但是，是什么讓美國人杰里·科瓦爾成為如此有影響力的視頻博主?A. little小的，很少的；B. almost差不多，幾乎；C. that那個(gè)，那種；D. enough充足的。根據(jù)what makes American Jerry Kowal可知此處是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“疑問詞+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分”，特殊疑問詞即是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分。故填C。
24【答案】D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在視頻中，科瓦爾在視頻分享平臺Bilibili上向他超過5300萬的粉絲提供了他對時(shí)事的真誠見解。A. approval批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可；B. expectation期待，預(yù)期，期望；C. admission承認(rèn)，入場費(fèi)；D. insight洞察力，洞悉，見解。根據(jù)“into current events”可知是提供了他對時(shí)事的真誠見解。故填D。
25【答案】D考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：與其他專注于一個(gè)主題的視頻博主不同，他的視頻涉及解決各種問題，如治理、流行病和種族主義。A. Besides除…之外（還）；B. Against反對，對…不利；C. As由于；D. Unlike不像正如，在…時(shí)，和…不同，與…相反。根據(jù)“ his videos 6 various issues”可知，他的視頻與其他專注于一個(gè)主題的視頻博主不同。故填D。
26【答案】C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：與其他專注于一個(gè)主題的視頻博主不同，他的視頻涉及解決各種問題，如治理、流行病和種族主義。A. checked檢查，核實(shí)，控制；B. undertook承擔(dān)，著手做；C. addressed解決，在…上寫地址，提出，向…講話；D. spared勻出，剩下，分讓，節(jié)約。根據(jù)“various issues”可知他的視頻涉及解決各種問題。故填C。
27【答案】B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與其他專注于一個(gè)主題的視頻博主不同，他的視頻涉及解決各種問題，如治理、流行病和種族主義。A. reputation名聲，聲望；B. racism種族主義，種族歧視；C. evaluation評價(jià)，評估；D. dignity尊嚴(yán)，高貴。根據(jù)“such as governance, pandemic and”可知他的視頻涉及解決各種問題，如治理、流行病和種族主義。故填B。
28【答案】B考查狀語從句。句意：今年1月離開成都前往紐約后，科瓦爾冒著感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)勇敢走訪了當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院，并發(fā)表了美國如何采取措施應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情。A. what什么；B. how如何，怎樣；C. why為什么；D. when在…時(shí)候。根據(jù)“America’s measures serve to face the COVID-19 outbreak”可知是講述美國如何采取措施應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情，因此要用how連接方式狀語從句。故填B。
29【答案】A考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：今年1月離開成都前往紐約后，科瓦爾冒著感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)勇敢走訪了當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院，并發(fā)表了美國如何采取措施應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情。A. bravely勇敢地；B. patiently耐心地；C. eagerly急切地，渴望地；D. relaxedly放松地，寬心地。根據(jù)“ at the risk of getting infected”可知科瓦爾冒著感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)勇敢走訪了當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院。故填A(yù)。
30【答案】D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名有責(zé)任感的公民記者，科瓦爾非常關(guān)注社會(huì)問題。A. recreational娛樂的，消遣的；B. cultural文化的；C. financial金融的，財(cái)政的；D. social社會(huì)的，社交的。根據(jù)“As a responsible citizen journalist”和下文“During the protests triggered by George Floyd”的描述，可知科瓦爾非常關(guān)注社會(huì)問題。故填D。
31【答案】C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：喬治·弗洛伊德是一名無辜、手無武器的非洲裔美國人，他在被警察拘捕期間死亡。在這場由他引發(fā)的抗議活動(dòng)中，科瓦爾的粉絲問他對此事的看法和態(tài)度。A. unhealthy不健康的；B. unaffected不受影響的；C. unarmed無武器的；D. unkind不友善的。根據(jù)“innocent”可知喬治·弗洛伊德是一名無辜、手無武器的非洲裔美國人。故填C。
32【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：喬治·弗洛伊德是一名無辜、手無武器的非洲裔美國人，他在被警察拘捕期間死亡。在這場由他引發(fā)的抗議活動(dòng)中，科瓦爾的粉絲問他對此事的看法和態(tài)度。A. preferred偏愛；B. encountered遇到，遭遇；C. recommended推薦；D. ignored忽略。根據(jù)“questions from his fans about his perspectives and attitude toward this situation”可知科瓦遭遇到粉絲問他對此事的看法和態(tài)度。故填B。
33【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：科瓦爾上傳了一段信息視頻，解釋說他認(rèn)為這次事件是種族歧視和警察暴力的結(jié)果。A. result結(jié)果，成績；B. misunderstanding誤解，誤會(huì)；C. improvement改進(jìn)，改善；D. start開始。根據(jù)“racial bias and police violence”可知科瓦爾認(rèn)為這次事件是種族歧視和警察暴力的結(jié)果。短語a result of “一個(gè)…的結(jié)果”。故填A(yù)。
34【答案】B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“視頻博客幫助人們學(xué)習(xí)其他國家文化…”在6月10日接受中央電視臺采訪時(shí)，他說道：“美國、中國和一切都很吸引我，這激勵(lì)了我要把我所看到的告訴別人。”A. invited邀請；B. interviewed接見，面試；C. encouraged鼓勵(lì)，促進(jìn)；D. praised稱贊，表揚(yáng)。根據(jù)“by CCTV on June 10”可知是被中央電視臺采訪。故填B。
35【答案】A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“視頻博客幫助人們學(xué)習(xí)其他國家的文化…”在6月10日接受中央電視臺采訪時(shí)，他說道：“美國、中國和一切都很吸引我，這激勵(lì)了我要把我所看到的告訴別人。”A. taken拿，帶；B. predicted預(yù)測；C. controlled控制；D. missed錯(cuò)過。短語take one’s fancy“迎合某人的愛好，投合…的心意”。故填A(yù)。
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