語法填空是近年來高考英語推出的一種新題型。這類題型可以全面檢測同學(xué)們在英語詞匯、語法，甚至是句法上的運用能力，也能更科學(xué)地反映同學(xué)們的英語綜合水平。奇速英語老師總結(jié)了如下解題3步驟及10大答復(fù)技巧：
1. 瀏覽全文、明確大意。
瀏覽全文的目的是為了能盡快把握其大意，利用大意這條“主線”引導(dǎo)自己，為下一步“填空”做好準(zhǔn)備。此外，在通讀全文的過程中，還應(yīng)弄清文章的體裁、題材(話題)、中心思想、寫作主線、段落層次等。這些了解有利于考生真正讀懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”時進行必要的邏輯推理。
2. 細(xì)讀全文，逐項填空。
在了解了文章大意之后，就可以著手填空了。填空的過程是一個判斷空白處應(yīng)填詞語的“語義”(已給出提示詞的除外)和正確的語法“形式”的思維過程。遇到一時想不起來或無法確定的題目，先跳過去，不要花費太多的時間停留在一個空上。對于這些沒有填的題目，有可能后面的內(nèi)容會給出提示，或者在核查時可進一步聯(lián)系上下文進行推理。
3. 復(fù)讀全文，調(diào)整答案。
在答題時間充足的情況下，進行復(fù)查是必要的。復(fù)查的方法是：將所有答案“填進”短文中并進行通讀，最后確定答案。通讀時要注意上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，避免出現(xiàn)前后矛盾或句子不通順的問題。一旦理順了全文信息，多數(shù)空也已經(jīng)填好，一開始感到棘手的難題很有可能會迎刃而解了。
這個題型大致分為兩種情況：一種為已給單詞提示，一種為不給單詞提示。下面，奇速英語老師就和大家分享十種答題技巧，希望對大家有所幫助。
已給單詞提示題型的技巧
此類題可以考查學(xué)弟學(xué)妹對單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進一步審題，看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式，這一點是很重要的。
技巧一：名詞形式變化
名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。
例：There are many students living at school, the____ （child） houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式——復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children's。
技巧二：動詞形式變化
動詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語的變化（時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣），有非謂語的變化（不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）。
例：A talk____ （give） tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報告是“將來”作的，故用不定式；且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動式——to be given。
技巧三：代詞形式變化
代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞（主格和賓格）、物主代詞（形容詞性和名詞性）、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例：The king decided to see the painter by____ （he）.
由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。
技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級變化
英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構(gòu)成比較級和最高級的方式，或通過加后綴一er和.est，或在詞前I more／less和most／least，且形容詞的最高級還要冠以the。
例：I am____ （tall）than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.
此題后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化
數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one／two的特殊變化形式 once／twice
例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a____ （three）.
從上下文連續(xù)起來理解，這是一個分馬的計劃，大兒子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。
未給單詞提示題型的技巧
此類題難度較大，但也是有方法對付的。
技巧六：固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)
根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。
例1：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying ____, dirty but happy.
從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應(yīng)用enj0y oneself短語，故其答案為themselves。
例2：His boss was ____ angry as to fire him.
如果“跳過”橫線后面的angry，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個關(guān)聯(lián)短語so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
技巧七：從句引導(dǎo)詞
從句是此題型最為常見的一個方向，主要檢測學(xué)弟學(xué)妹對引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。
例1：He did not done _____his father had asked him to do.
審題可知，橫線所在為賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從旬中充當(dāng)賓語，且指物，所以是what。
例2：Those _____want to go to the village must sign here.
經(jīng)過觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，進一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定語從句中做主語。
技巧八：短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)
短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。
例1：The us consists ____fifty states.
根據(jù)常識可知，美國由50個州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表“由......組成”，所以答案是of。
例2：Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _____of her．
生病需要人照顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構(gòu)成take care of。
技巧九：短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)
短語介詞即多個詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語，如：except for，due to等。
例1：Mr. Smith took a plane to London ____of taking a train.
此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語instead of。
例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in _____of him.
細(xì)心觀察，可以看出填人front即可構(gòu)成in front of，此題得解。
技巧十：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)
常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。
例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, _____his family was too poor.
此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實是一種解釋說明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號隔開，所以填for。
例2：____ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both... and，故答案為Both。
高考英語語法填空實例解析
高考真題英語 全國1卷語法填空
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
參考答案
61. longer 62. to see 63. dying
64. is 65. than 66. that/which
67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic
70. it/running
61題考察形容詞的比較級特別簡單，可能初中生都可以做出來，因為看到空格之后的than就可以知道括號中的形容詞需要變?yōu)楸容^級，而且這個詞完全就是初中詞匯。
62題考察的是不定式做目的狀語，屬于非謂語里的基本知識考察，這也驗證了橙子媽媽一直和學(xué)生所說的高考非謂語只考察基本的三種形式：to do, doing, done完全沒必要擔(dān)心會考察到having done之類的形式，為什么橙子媽媽敢這么說因為近5年都沒有出現(xiàn)，除了一些地區(qū)的模擬考試偶爾會有。
63題非謂語動詞的doing形式考察，介詞of之后接動名詞，沒有難度。
同樣64題還是沒有什么難度的題be動詞的變化，考前橙子媽媽和學(xué)生說過這個題考了三年了，然而很多學(xué)生還是出錯，不是因為不會而是不敢相信高考會考察這么簡單的知識點，我的學(xué)生我都會告訴他相信你自己，高考不會全是難題，簡單的題目照樣會出現(xiàn)！這不，今年又出現(xiàn)了！
65題是一個句意理解的題目，如果不理解句子可能就會出現(xiàn)錯誤，其實就是running和后三種形式的對比同樣是比較級的使用，前面有一個more出現(xiàn)了，所以今年考試形容詞閃亮登場了。
66題考察定語從句，這也是橙子媽媽反復(fù)和學(xué)生強調(diào)的，高考定語從句最喜歡考察這種了，2015年就考過類似的，先行詞是地點結(jié)果所填的關(guān)系詞是which，因為地點做主語，同樣今年也是如此，先行詞是時間，卻是用來做主語，自然填的是which或者that啦，對于成績好的學(xué)生這是非常容易理解的。
67題考察的是名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，高考必考的內(nèi)容，前面一個代詞all決定了后面所需要的是名詞。
68題詞性變化，名詞變動詞的使用，不定式to之后接的是動詞原形所以填strength。
69題考察詞性變化，理由就是is之后接的是形容詞；
最后一題70題考察的是純空格中賓語缺失的問題，只能選擇代詞，這個時候it就是你應(yīng)該鎖定的對象！
英語全國卷Ⅱ卷語法填空
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Diets have changed in China – and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 – when the government 68 (start) a soil – testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers – and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
參考答案
61. has grown
62. the
63. actually
64. to improve
65. Than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started
69. that / which
70. feeding
英語全國卷 Ⅲ卷語法填空
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
參考答案
61. which
62. the
63. loudest
64. looking
65. challenged
66. scientist
67. for
68. them
69. meant
70. to stay
浙江卷語法填空真題
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
參考答案
56. dishes
57. who / that
58. it
59. visiting
60. was shocked
61. have become
62. affordable
63. higher
64. weight
65. for
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