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【高中英語(yǔ)】名詞性從句精講，本篇終結(jié)所有疑問(wèn)！

2023-01-13

從句是相對(duì)于主句而言的,即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句,而不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)句子。在英語(yǔ)中,主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語(yǔ)從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語(yǔ)從句,包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等）。

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：

（1）從屬連接：that, whether, if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）

（2）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

（3）連接副詞：when, where, how, why

名詞性從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

名詞性從句的分類(lèi)

名詞性從句，包括四種從句，即主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)這四種成分均可以由名詞構(gòu)成，所以這四種從句在主句中都充當(dāng)了名詞的作用，故將這四種從句統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。如：

1.That she will help me made us happy.（主語(yǔ)從句）
2.I can understand what he said.（賓語(yǔ)從句）
3.This is where I was born.（表語(yǔ)從句）
4.The fact that a heavy earthquake happened made me crazy.（同位語(yǔ)從句）

名詞性從句的連接詞分類(lèi)

1.that（無(wú)含義，不充當(dāng)成分）

2.whether,if（有“是否”的含義，但不充當(dāng)成分）

3.連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.（在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)）

連接副詞：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why （在從句中做狀語(yǔ)）

4. as if,as though,because（不充當(dāng)成分，在名詞性從句中只引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）

連接詞 that 在名詞性從句中可以省略的三種情況

1.it 做形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.

據(jù)說(shuō)他一直在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。

2.動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句中

I think(that) you have much to improve in English.

我認(rèn)為你的英語(yǔ)需要提高的有很多。

3.形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句中

I am afraid (that) I will be late.

恐怕我要遲到了。

同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。

試比較下面兩個(gè)例句：

（1）I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在這里。

that 無(wú)含義，that you were here 指的就是idea，所以是同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略that。

（2）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you？這本書(shū)給了你想法嗎？

that 指的是the idea，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。

名詞性從句如何考察

1.考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞，通常都是在無(wú)提示型的試題中，即試題只給出空格而不給提示詞，讓考生填入恰當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞。

例1·語(yǔ)法填空：I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

此題考查why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

例2·完形填空：But every day， we would sit by the lake， looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there.

此題考查what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

例3·短文改錯(cuò)：After looking at the toy for some time， he turned around and found where his parents were missing.

此句中，正確答案為：去掉where，或把where改為that。（that） his parents were missing是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。

2.考查名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)，通常出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)這兩大題型中。

例4·短文改錯(cuò)：Do you want to know why we move last week？

此句中，正確答案為：把move改為moved。why we moved last week是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)名詞性從句的主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，從句本身的時(shí)態(tài)不變。

例5·語(yǔ)法填空：He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left （leave）.

此句中，what was left是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)。因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，所以賓語(yǔ)從句也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

名詞性從句解題三步驟

一、劃分句子成分，找出名詞性從句。

例6·語(yǔ)法填空：As natural （nature） architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

此句的主語(yǔ)是the Pueblo Indians，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是figured out， thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。

二、根據(jù)句意，將STEP 1中劃分出的名詞性從句的意思翻譯出來(lái)，并將其還原成一個(gè)原始的句子。該原始的句子可以是陳述句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句。

以例6為例。根據(jù)句意，此例中劃分出的名詞性從句的意思應(yīng)該為：這些土坯墻需要很厚，才能保證這個(gè)熱循環(huán)持久有效。把該名詞性從句還原成一個(gè)原始的句子，“這些土坯墻需要有多厚”應(yīng)該是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，即“How thick did the adobe walls need to be？”

三、根據(jù)名詞性從句的規(guī)則（考慮引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、陳述句語(yǔ)序），寫(xiě)出一個(gè)正確的名詞性從句。

仍然以例6為例。在STEP 2中，考生根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子意思，還原出了一個(gè)原始的句子——How thick did the adobe walls need to be，現(xiàn)在考生要根據(jù)名詞性從句的基本規(guī)則（考慮引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、陳述句語(yǔ)序），寫(xiě)出一個(gè)正確的名詞性從句：How thick the adobe walls needed to be。所以，例6空格的正確答案為“how”。

名詞性從句規(guī)律總結(jié)

要想寫(xiě)出正確的名詞性從句，考生必須了解名詞性從句的基本規(guī)則。

一、引導(dǎo)詞

1.若原句是一個(gè)陳述句，則變名詞性從句后的引導(dǎo)詞為that。

例7·短文改錯(cuò)：If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt， tell your teacher immediately.

此句中，正確的答案為：去掉when。因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)從句someone is missing or hurt是一個(gè)陳述句，所以此賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞為that。

2.若原句是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，名詞性從句后的引導(dǎo)詞為if/ whether。值得考生注意的是，有些情況不能用if，只能用whether。比如說(shuō)主語(yǔ)從句置于句首，介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not等。

例8·高考改編題：the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

此題空格的正確答案為“whether”。the delayed flight will take off是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，意思為：這趟延誤的航班是否會(huì)起飛？該句是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)從句后應(yīng)該用if/whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。又因?yàn)樵撝髡Z(yǔ)從句置于句首，故只能用whether。

3.若原句是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，則名詞性從句后的引導(dǎo)詞為wh-特殊疑問(wèn)詞。

例9·完形填空：Your support is important to our work. What-ever you can do helps.

在此句中，whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。

例10·完形填空：When I handed him the gift card， saying he could use it for whatever his family might need， he burst into tears.

在此句中，whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。

例11·短文改錯(cuò)：This is which other students say.

此題的正確答案為：把which變?yōu)閣hat。在此句中，what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。

例12·短文改錯(cuò)：My uncle is the owner of a resta-urant close to that I live.

此題的正確答案為：把that變?yōu)閣here。在此句中，where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。

二、時(shí)態(tài)

若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則名詞性從句本身的時(shí)態(tài)不變；若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

例13·短文改錯(cuò)：I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost much， yet we can still learn a lot.

此題的正確答案為：把thought改為think。在此句中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主句卻是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)和從句的時(shí)態(tài)不一致，所以該句的時(shí)態(tài)肯定有問(wèn)題。從句子所在的上下文來(lái)看，該句的主句應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

三、陳述句語(yǔ)序

名詞性從句，必須使用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

例14·短文改錯(cuò)改編題：Where do you suggest should I go？

此題的正確答案為：去掉should。where should I go是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，做suggest的賓語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槊~性從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，所以此句的正確說(shuō)法為：Where do you suggest I （should） go？

名詞性從句高頻考點(diǎn)易混點(diǎn)撥

高頻考點(diǎn)一：考查that與what的區(qū)別

在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，從屬連詞that一般要注意三個(gè)"不"：

1.不省略。當(dāng)從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，that不省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般不省略。

2.不作成分。that 在名詞性從句中不作任何句子成分。

3.無(wú)實(shí)義。that 在名詞性從句中沒(méi)有實(shí)義。

在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)， what一般要注意一個(gè)"不",一個(gè)"有詞義",一個(gè)"作成分"：

1.不省略。what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，不省略。

2.有詞義。what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，有詞義。一般表示"……的東西/事情等"，這一用法與that 的用法不一樣。

3.作成分。what 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。這一用法與that 的用法不一樣。

例如：Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

該句中，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在句中不作任何成分，不能省略且無(wú)詞義。What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在句中有詞義。

高頻考點(diǎn)二：it放在句首，真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句

常用句型如下：

① It+系動(dòng)詞+n.+ that從句;

② It+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ that從句;

③ It+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式（如said, reported, suggested等）+that從句；

④ It+特殊動(dòng)詞（appear, seem, happen, matter, turn out, work out等）+that從句。

高頻考點(diǎn)三：考查whether與if的區(qū)別

whether與if在作"是否"講時(shí),是可以互換的。但在有些情況下不能互換：

1.whether可以與or not 連用,構(gòu)成whether…or not或者whether or not，但if沒(méi)有這種用法。

例如：Whether they do it or not matters little to us.

他們干還是不干，與我們關(guān)系不大。

2.如果賓語(yǔ)從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則用if，而不用whether。

例如：I do not care if he doesnt show up.

他露面不露面我都不在乎。

3.介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)。

例如：The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl is feelings.

老師擔(dān)心他是否傷害了女孩的感情。

4.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)都用whether。

例如：The question is whether they can cooperate with us.

問(wèn)題是他們是否會(huì)與我們合作。

5.少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如discuss, doubt, leave, put后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。

例如：They discussed whether they should close the shop.

他們討論了是否應(yīng)該關(guān)掉商店。

6.whether后面可以接不定式短語(yǔ)，而if不能。

例如：We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.

我們想知道今天走還是明天走。

7.為避免產(chǎn)生歧義，不用if，而用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

例如：You should tell your mother whether you want to go with her for a holiday.

你應(yīng)該告訴你母親你是否想和她一起度假。（若用if，則可能被理解為是條件狀語(yǔ)從句：如果你想和你母親一起度假，你就應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴她。）

高頻考點(diǎn)四：考查名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1.在主語(yǔ)從句中, 下面的幾種情況謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用"should +動(dòng)詞原形",should可以省略。

①"It is/was+形容詞+that … "句型。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有important, necessary, natural, strange, surprising等。

②"It is/was+名詞+that …"句型。常見(jiàn)的名詞有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal,requirement, request, desire, order等。

③"It is/was+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that…"句型。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。

2.在下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should+動(dòng)詞原形",should可以省略。

這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:

insist（堅(jiān)持）, urge（力勸）, order（命令）,command（命令） request（請(qǐng)求,要求）, demand（要求）,require（要求,需要）,suggest（建議）,advise（建議）,propose（建議）, recommend（建議, 推薦）等。

3.在含有advice, order, demand, proposal, requirement, suggestion等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should+動(dòng)詞原形",should可以省略。

4.在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中:

①表示將來(lái)的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性非常小時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/could/would/might+動(dòng)詞原形。例如:We wish the friendship between the two countries would last forever. 　　

②表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)。

例如:He always wishes he were a millionaire and owned a big house and a sports car.

③表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

例如:How he wished he hadn，t wasted too much time on playing computer games while at school.

5.在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。

隨堂練習(xí)

單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's I was born.”

2.It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

3. As John Lennon once said, life is happens to you while you are busy

making other plans.

4.A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ships are built for.

5.I truly believe beauty comes from within.

6.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah, but I have no idea he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.

7.It is often the case anything is possible to those who hang on to hope.

8.Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

9.You have to know you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting

there.

10.The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.

綜合語(yǔ)法填空

One day in 1998, I went to visit my 90-year-old grandma in a nursing home. She had

lived there for 15 years. But it was becoming a little bit sad, partly because the place

was full of people who 1. (be) at the last stage of their life. What's 2. (bad), it was taking her longer and longer 3. (recognize) me.

She was really excited that day because they were having a dance party. I was not a

big fan of dancing, 4. I was a big fan of Grandma, so I accepted her (invite). During the party, an old lady 6. (sit) next to me chatted

with me,， saying how much she loved music and dancing. Not knowing to say, I stood up and invited her for a dance.I danced with all the ladies, 8. (particular) with Grandma, which was awesome. However, I felt discomfort throughout 9. party. I didn't know the reason at that moment. But now, I realize it was my fear of watching Grandma grow older, my powerlessness to do anything about it and the thought of losing10. (she) that made me uncomfortable.

單句語(yǔ)法填空

1. where

2. what

3. what

4. What

5. that

6. why

7. that

8. Whatever

9. where

10. when

綜合語(yǔ)法填空

1.Were

2.Worse

3.to recognize

4.but/yet

5. Invitation

6. sitting

7.what

8.particularly

9.the

10.her
（素材來(lái)自網(wǎng)路，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除）

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網(wǎng)站地圖

【高中英語(yǔ)】名詞性從句精講，本篇終結(jié)所有疑問(wèn)！

一、引導(dǎo)詞

二、時(shí)態(tài)

三、陳述句語(yǔ)序

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【高中英語(yǔ)】名詞性從句精講，本篇終結(jié)所有疑問(wèn)！

一、引導(dǎo)詞

二、時(shí)態(tài)

三、陳述句語(yǔ)序

【高中英語(yǔ)】名詞性從句精講，本篇終結(jié)所有疑問(wèn)！

一、引導(dǎo)詞

二、時(shí)態(tài)