英語中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種，即轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法和派生法。今天跟著小編來學(xué)習(xí)，高效記單詞！
在英語中，一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。
<1. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞>
Let me have a try. 讓我試試。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在學(xué)校里只準(zhǔn)許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。
<2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞>
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推開人群前進(jìn)。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。
<3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞>
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他們努力改善工作條件。
<4. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞>
He didn't know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。
<5. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞>
How long have you lived there?
你在那兒住多久了？
<6.個(gè)別詞在一定場合中可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞>
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山區(qū)去是必須的。
Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意時(shí)也有失意時(shí)。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞連在一起合成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合成詞。合成詞一般看其詞，知其意。
<1. 合成名詞>
名詞/代詞+名詞 newspaper blood-test she-wolf
動(dòng)詞+名詞 typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容詞+名詞 greenhouse highway
副詞+名詞 overcoat outside
名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing +名詞 handwriting reading-room
動(dòng)詞+副詞/ 副詞+ 動(dòng)詞 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名詞+介詞+名詞 sister-in-law editor-in-chief
名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副詞+形容詞 over-anxious evergreen
名詞+過去分詞 man-made sun-burnt
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving English-speaking
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking easy-going
副詞+過去分詞 well-informed widespread
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hardworking far-reaching
形容詞+名詞+ed warm-hearted absent-minded
數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-legged ten-storied
數(shù)詞+名詞 one-way five–star
數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名詞+to+名詞 face –to-face door - to -door
名詞+動(dòng)詞 baby-sit sleepwalk
副詞+動(dòng)詞 outnumber underestimate overwork
形容詞+動(dòng)詞 whitewash
形容詞＋名詞 meanwhile anyway
形容詞＋副詞 everywhere anyhow
副詞＋副詞 however
介詞＋名詞 beforehand overhead
介詞＋副詞 forever
代詞賓格＋self/selves herself themselves
物主代詞＋self/selves myself yourselves
形容詞＋名詞 anything nothing
副詞＋名詞 inside outside
介詞＋副詞 without within
副詞＋介詞 into
由一個(gè)詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。
<1. 前綴>
除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。
（1）表示否定意義的前綴
un- unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in- [il-(在字母l前)，im- (在字母m,b,p前)，ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis- misbehave mislead mistake
non- nonstop nonsmoker
（2）表示其他意義的前綴
en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage
inter- “相互”international intercontinental
re- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycle
tele- “遠(yuǎn)程的”telescope telephone telegraph
auto- “自動(dòng)的”automatic automobile
co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist
anti- “反對(duì)，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor
bi- “雙，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro- “極小的，微小的”microwave microcomputer
over- “太多，過分”overwork overdo overestimate
self- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-control
under- “在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
<2. 后綴>
（1）形容詞后綴
-able “可……的，具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al “與……有關(guān)的”physical, magical, political
-an “屬于某地方的人”American African
-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern
-ful/less “（沒）有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish “如……的；有……特征的”foolish childish selfish
-ive “有……傾向的”active attractive expensive
-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen
-ous “有（性質(zhì)）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性質(zhì)的”friendly yearly daily
-y “構(gòu)成形容詞”noisy dusty cloudy
（2）名詞后綴
-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese “某國（人）的”Chinese, Japanese
-ian “某國、某地人；精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist “某種主義或職業(yè)者”physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess
-ment “行為或其狀態(tài)”government, movement, achievement
-ness “性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)”illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion “動(dòng)作，過程，結(jié)果”invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence “抽象；行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th “性質(zhì)、情況” depth, warmth, truth
-ful “（滿的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility “抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”possibility, disability, reliability
-al “過程、狀態(tài)”survival, arrival, approval
-y “性質(zhì)、情況”modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom “處于……狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)”freedom, boredom
-age “狀態(tài)，行為，身份及其結(jié)果”courage, storage, marriage
（3）動(dòng)詞后綴
-fy / ify “使得；變得” simplify, beautify, purify
-en “使成為；變得” shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize “使成為” apologize, realize, specialize
（4）副詞后綴
-ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards
（5）數(shù)詞后綴
-teen “十幾” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty “整十位數(shù)” forty, fifty, sixty
-th “序數(shù)詞” twelfth, twentieth
