一
詞性誤用
詞性誤用常表現(xiàn)為：介詞錯(cuò)用為動(dòng)詞，形容詞錯(cuò)用為副詞，名詞錯(cuò)用為動(dòng)詞等。
例：They earn some money so that they can independence. 他們掙錢(qián)是為了自立。 解析：independence是名詞，句中誤用為動(dòng)詞。 改為：They earn some money so that they can be independent.
例：They earn some money so that they can independence.
他們掙錢(qián)是為了自立。
解析：independence是名詞，句中誤用為動(dòng)詞。
改為：They earn some money so that they can be independent.
二
修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位
英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)放在句子中不同的位置，可能會(huì)引起句子含義的變化。這一點(diǎn)常被同學(xué)們所忽視，因而造成了不必要的誤解。
例：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus. 我相信我會(huì)做得很好，而且我將對(duì)校園外的世界有更好的了解。 解析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末。 改為：I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
例：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
我相信我會(huì)做得很好，而且我將對(duì)校園外的世界有更好的了解。
解析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末。
改為：I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
三
句子不完整
在口語(yǔ)中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)、語(yǔ)氣等來(lái)理解對(duì)方的意思，不完整的句子也完全可以被理解?？墒菚?shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這常常發(fā)生在主句寫(xiě)完以后，學(xué)生又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的情況下。
例：There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper. 了解社會(huì)的途徑有很多，比如可以通過(guò)電視、廣播和報(bào)紙。 解析：本段后半部分“For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句。 改為：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
例：There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
了解社會(huì)的途徑有很多，比如可以通過(guò)電視、廣播和報(bào)紙。
解析：本段后半部分“For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句。
改為：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
四
主謂不一致
英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。由于受漢語(yǔ)的影響，許多同學(xué)在寫(xiě)作時(shí)經(jīng)常忽略句子的主謂一致關(guān)系，從而出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。
例：Once one have time, he can do what he want to do. 人一旦有了時(shí)間，他就能想干什么就干什么。 解析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has；同理，want應(yīng)改為wants，本句是典型的主謂不一致。 改為：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
例：Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有了時(shí)間，他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has；同理，want應(yīng)改為wants，本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
五
指代不清
指代不清主要指代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
例1：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. 瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?/p> 解析：讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把容易引起誤解的代詞加以明確，意思就一目了然了。 改為：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?/p>
解析：讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把容易引起誤解的代詞加以明確，意思就一目了然了。
改為：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2：We can also know the society by serving it yourself. 我們還可以通過(guò)親身參與、體驗(yàn)的方式了解社會(huì)。 解析：句中人稱(chēng)代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。 改為：We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
例2：We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
我們還可以通過(guò)親身參與、體驗(yàn)的方式了解社會(huì)。
解析：句中人稱(chēng)代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為：We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
六
重復(fù)累贅
同學(xué)們?cè)趯?xiě)書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量做到簡(jiǎn)潔：寫(xiě)句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞，寫(xiě)段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的句子。
例1：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 盡管他很懶惰，我還是喜歡他。 解析：本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位語(yǔ)從句，我們可按照“簡(jiǎn)潔”的原則加以簡(jiǎn)化。 改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例1：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
盡管他很懶惰，我還是喜歡他。
解析：本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位語(yǔ)從句，我們可按照“簡(jiǎn)潔”的原則加以簡(jiǎn)化。
改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例2： For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 對(duì)于勤奮善良的人來(lái)說(shuō)，錢(qián)只是用來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)所需東西的工具。 解析：整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化，重復(fù)累贅過(guò)多。 改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
例2： For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
對(duì)于勤奮善良的人來(lái)說(shuō)，錢(qián)只是用來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)所需東西的工具。
解析：整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化，重復(fù)累贅過(guò)多。
改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
七
句子不連貫
句子不連貫是指一個(gè)句子內(nèi)部前言不搭后語(yǔ)，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。
例：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 淡水是地球上最重要的東西。 解析：The fresh water與逗號(hào)后的it不連貫，it與things在語(yǔ)法上不一致。 改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
例：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
淡水是地球上最重要的東西。
解析：The fresh water與逗號(hào)后的it不連貫，it與things在語(yǔ)法上不一致。
改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
八
結(jié)構(gòu)混亂
句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂主要是受漢語(yǔ)思維方式影響而導(dǎo)致的。同學(xué)們?cè)谌粘W(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)多加練習(xí)，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。
例1：There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操場(chǎng)上有許多學(xué)生在打籃球。 解析：上面的句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不符合英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣。 改為：Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例1：There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操場(chǎng)上有許多學(xué)生在打籃球。
解析：上面的句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不符合英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣。
改為：Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例2：The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那邊的女孩來(lái)自一個(gè)大城市。 解析：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中不能有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞，結(jié)構(gòu)混亂。 改為：The girl standing over there is from a big city.
例2：The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那邊的女孩來(lái)自一個(gè)大城市。
解析：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中不能有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞，結(jié)構(gòu)混亂。
改為：The girl standing over there is from a big city.
九
句型單調(diào)，缺乏過(guò)渡
一篇文章如果簡(jiǎn)單句過(guò)多，句型單調(diào)，即使語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較少，思路較清晰，看后也會(huì)使人感到乏味。同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)單句、復(fù)句交替使用，經(jīng)常變換句型，嘗試使用一些較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)及句型，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用過(guò)渡詞，使文章更加連貫。
例：They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health. 他們每天睡眠少于八小時(shí)，這對(duì)他們的健康有很大影響。 解析：這段話中使用的全部是簡(jiǎn)單句，句型比較單調(diào)，可以改為定語(yǔ)從句或加入插入語(yǔ)。 改為：Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.
例：They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.
他們每天睡眠少于八小時(shí)，這對(duì)他們的健康有很大影響。
解析：這段話中使用的全部是簡(jiǎn)單句，句型比較單調(diào)，可以改為定語(yǔ)從句或加入插入語(yǔ)。
改為：Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.
