1.對(duì)話預(yù)測(cè)：在聽取對(duì)話，尤其是Part1-5——Short Conversation時(shí)，考生可以按照下例wh-問題進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)：1)Who are the two speakers?2)What is the possible Relationships between them?3)When did they have the conversation?4)Where did the conversation take place?5)Why do they have the conversation?6)What did they plan to do?
2.語篇預(yù)測(cè)：了解講話者已提供和未提供的信息1)What facts did the speaker offer?2)What facts did the speaker fail to offer?
3.依靠開篇句預(yù)測(cè)：英語聽力的第一句話通常會(huì)透露整篇的主題，所以大家要善于抓住聽力材料的首句信息。例如：Americans have a popular saying “Time is money。”從這一句開篇句我們可以預(yù)測(cè)的信息范圍：1)這是一篇關(guān)于時(shí)間的話題。2)涉及對(duì)象是美國(guó)人。
What’s the passage mainly about?What’s the topic of the passage?What are the two speakers doing?What are the two speakers talking about?What is the dialogue/conversation about?
Where is the woman going?How does the man pay for the tickets?What’s wrong with the girl?When does the woman plan to arrive?What’s the man’s house number?How many hours does Tom sleep a day?Why does the man thank the woman?Which of the following is true?
Where does this conversation take place?Where is the woman speaking?Where did the conversation most likely happen?When does the dialogue take place?Who do you think the woman probably is?What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
4.領(lǐng)會(huì)弦外之音，揣摩觀點(diǎn)意圖
這類試題在高中聽力試題中約占5小題，它要求我們從話語中聽出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩說話人的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度等，常見的提問方式有：What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?What can we know /learn about the woman?What does the man mean?What does the speakers want to tell us?What is the probable result of the conversation?
地點(diǎn)型試題主要考查地點(diǎn)，該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的考查多為以where開頭的特殊疑問句，如：Where does the conversation most probably take place?(這段對(duì)話最可能發(fā)生在什么場(chǎng)合?)解這類試題時(shí)，我們需要有一些積累和推斷。
這類題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。
1.歸納標(biāo)題題
特點(diǎn)：短小精悍，一般多為一個(gè)短語；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般能覆蓋全文意思；精確性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有：What’s the best title for the text? The best title for this passage is ___. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意題
包括尋找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常見命題形式有： What is the general/main idea of the passage？Which of the following expresses the main idea？What is the subject discussed in the text? BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What’s the article mainly about ？
位于段首：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首句與第二，三句的關(guān)系；如果從第二句就開始對(duì)第一句進(jìn)行說明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。有些段落，在主題句后面有明顯引出細(xì)節(jié)的信號(hào)詞，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應(yīng)盡量利用上述信號(hào)詞來確定主題句的位置。
位于段尾：有些文章會(huì)在開頭列舉事實(shí), 然后通過論證闡述作者的核心論點(diǎn)。因此，如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話，最好快速讀一讀段落的最后一個(gè)句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特征。如果它具備主題句的特征，段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來，當(dāng)一種觀點(diǎn)不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時(shí)，主題句便會(huì)到段落的末尾才出現(xiàn)。學(xué)生可以充分利用引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當(dāng)無明顯的此類信號(hào)時(shí)，學(xué)生可在段落的最后一句話前面添加一個(gè)引出結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞，以確定其是否是主題句。
分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問，或判斷正誤；后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換，表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有： What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法（找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，用排除法縮小范圍）
常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中，一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。常見命題形式有： Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息或借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，常見命題形式有： It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________. The author implies/ suggests that_____. We may infer that _________. Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2.預(yù)測(cè)推理判斷題
根據(jù)語篇對(duì)文章接下來的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，常見命題形式有：What do you think will happen if/when…? At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
3.推測(cè)文章來源或讀者對(duì)象
常見命題形式有： The passage is probably take out of_____The passage would most likely be found in_____Where does this text probably come from?
常見命題形式有： The purpose of the text is_____What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____What is the author’s attitude towards…? What is the author’s opinion on…? The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
③判斷某個(gè)代詞的指代的對(duì)象。常見命題形式有： The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____. The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______. The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______. The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following? Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?
解答技巧
1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞
首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。
例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。
通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all...handsome我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞
根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞詞義。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意義，故為“不太可能”之意。)
4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號(hào)等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測(cè)詞義
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。
7. 根據(jù)常識(shí)猜詞
如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “過梁”。） Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮著腳走，躡手躡腳”）
承接關(guān)系（如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等）
平列關(guān)系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等）。如文中的選項(xiàng) 71，由 Second、Third 得知應(yīng)選表示平列關(guān)系的句子 G.項(xiàng)。
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever,whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等）。比如選項(xiàng) 75，與前句構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選 D 項(xiàng)答案。
層遞關(guān)系（如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither,not…but…, not only…but also 等）。如 72 選項(xiàng)，與前句組合為層遞關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選包含 also 的 E.項(xiàng)句子。
【例題】He had spent those years well,graduating from college, completing two internships(實(shí)習(xí)) in Washington, D.C, and ____, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. A. hopefully B. finallyC. particularly D. certainly
【例題】Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I ____ until the day he graduated. A. held up B. gave upC. followed D. continued
【例題】When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer ____ I received an email from Garth, my Director. A. while B. whenC. where D. after
【解析】這里when的意思是just at the moment, 與前面的when意思不一樣，A項(xiàng)的while無此意，D項(xiàng)的after不符合行為交互邏輯，C項(xiàng)完全是錯(cuò)誤的。所以選B。
名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。例：There are many students living at school，the(child) houses are all far from schoo1．由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式—— 復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。
技巧二：動(dòng)詞形式變化。
動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣)，有非謂語的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、從前分詞)。例：A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“未來”作的，故用不定式；且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式——to be given。
例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a (three).從上下文持續(xù)起來懂得，這是一個(gè)分馬的方案，大兒子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才干命中目標(biāo)。
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 全文都是用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此句中的was顯然與上下文語境不符，應(yīng)改為am。
2、查看主謂是否一致。Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost應(yīng)改為costs，因其主語是it(為形式主語)，且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
3、查指代是否一致。The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主語the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代詞his應(yīng)改為their。
4、查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致。由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列連詞和詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove顯然與and前面的to meet不平行，應(yīng)改為drive。
5、查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致。We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few 只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故subject應(yīng)改為subjects。
6、查行文邏輯是否一致。Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根據(jù)行文邏輯，這里不應(yīng)該由since來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，而應(yīng)該是when / whenever或if來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或條件狀語從句。
forefather 祖先：ancestor；predecessor.difference 不同：gap 溝；distinction；schism.crime 犯罪：delinquency；criminal act 犯罪行為。environment 環(huán)境：circumstance 相當(dāng)抽象的詞，情況；surrounding 表示周圍居住環(huán)境，相當(dāng)具體，nearby可與之互換；atmosphere、ambience這兩個(gè)詞可替換，但是當(dāng)atmosphere表示大氣層時(shí)則不能。pollution 污染：contamination.human 人類：individual；men；ones以及一切表示工人、農(nóng)民工、公務(wù)員等等的詞。humanity：特別指出，用來表示人性。其他一概不要用。in modern society 在當(dāng)今社會(huì)：in contemporary society；in this day and age.
4.巧用連詞改長(zhǎng)句
高中作文中如果長(zhǎng)句的連詞應(yīng)用得當(dāng)，會(huì)成為加分的亮點(diǎn)。常用的連詞有以下幾個(gè)：表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：furthermore， what is more表轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but 但是表對(duì)比：not that …but that…不是…而是…/ one hand….on the other hand一方面…另一 方面…/ unlike…與…不同/not so much….as…與其…不如…表目的：for the………為了…表因果：therefore因此，所有/ so 所以表例證：for example表假設(shè)：if 如果表讓步：although…雖然……（注意：后不可接but！雖然但是不可這樣連用）/of course 當(dāng)然…/clearly…顯然…相關(guān)的過渡語常見的有以下幾種：表示時(shí)間順序：first， then， afterwards， meanwhile， later，first of all， finally， at last…表示空間順序：near， next to， far from， in front of， on the left， on one side…表示比較、對(duì)照：like， unlike， such as， but， however， on the other hand， on the contrary， nevertheless， otherwise…表示因果關(guān)系：because， for， as a result， therefore， thus…表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides， what’s more， what was worse， moreover， furthermore， in addition， on top of…表示并列關(guān)系：and， as well as， also…表示總結(jié)性：in general， in a word， in short， on the whole， to sum up， in brief， to conclude
5.巧妙變換句式
例如：I think that...... 賓語從句，是大家最常使用的句式。如果變換成另一種句式I have a thought that......同位語從句，立刻讓人眼前一亮，為作文平添光彩。還比如：I hear that也是很多同學(xué)常用的句式。如果換成It is reported that...... 或者There is a piece of news that 同樣的意思，卻明顯體現(xiàn)出了大家知識(shí)運(yùn)用的差距。后者明顯分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)更高！
