主謂一致
主謂一致是指主語和謂語必須保持人稱和數(shù)的變化一致，即句中謂語的變化形式由句子主語的人稱和數(shù)的形式?jīng)Q定。主謂一致通常遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則。
考點(diǎn)一：一般情況下，主語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
【考例鏈接】
( )1. The twins ______ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am
C. is D. are
( )2. One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.
A. has B. have C. are
( )3. Playing computer games too much ______ bad for students’ health .
A. am B. is C. are
考點(diǎn)三：
1. 復(fù)合不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
2. neither of ... / none of ... 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。
3. either指“兩者之中任何一個(gè)”，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。either of ... 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。
4. each作同位語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語的數(shù)；each of ... 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
考點(diǎn)四：當(dāng)用both ... and ... 連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)表示同一人、同一物或同一個(gè)概念，或表示不可分的整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。
考點(diǎn)五：當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等詞語引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。
【考例鏈接】
( ) 1. We each ______ WeChat nowadays, even the old people.
A. play B. plays C. playing
( )2. —What would you like, coffee or tea?
—Either ______ OK. I don’t mind.
A. is B. are C. was
( )3. My sister with my parents ______ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A. are making B. is making
C. was making D. were making
考點(diǎn)六：一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如shoes, trousers, jeans, scissors, chopsticks等。但如果這些名詞前有量詞如pair等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與量詞保持一致。
【考例鏈接】
( ) The pair of trousers ______ me. I’ll take it.
A. fit B. fits C. will fit
考點(diǎn)七：
1. “a (large / small) number of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
2. “分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 名詞”和“the rest / most of +名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞決定。
【考例鏈接】
( )1. In our city there ______ a number of cars and the number of them ______ growing larger and larger.
A. are; is B. have; is C. is; are
( )2. About ______ of the land ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. three fifths; is
B. three fifths; are
C. three fifth; are
( )3. The number of the volunteers in our city ______ 2,000. And sixty percent of them ______ teachers and students.
A. is; is B. is; are
C. are; is D. are; are
考點(diǎn)一：當(dāng)數(shù)詞作主語或當(dāng)表示距離、金額、時(shí)間等名詞(短語)作主語時(shí)，通常作為整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
【考例鏈接】
( )1. Fifty yuan ______ enough.
A. is B. am C. are
( )2. —Mom, I watched TV for only forty minutes. Sometimes ______ TV is good for us.
—Forty minutes ______ enough. Now you must do your homework.
A. watch; is
B. watching; was
C. watched; are
D. watching; were
考點(diǎn)二：有些集體名詞常指復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如police；有些集體名詞作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如family, class, team, group, crowd等；當(dāng)population意為“人口數(shù)量”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；意為“全體居民”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。
【考例鏈接】
( )1. The population of China ______ over 1.3 billion and China has bigger population than ______ in the world.
A. is; any country
B. is; any other country
C. are; the other countries
D. are; any other countries
( )2. Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river.
A. am carrying B. is carrying
C. are carrying D. are carried
考點(diǎn)三：以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞如news, physics, maths, politics等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
【考例鏈接】
( )—Politics ______ my favorite subject. What about you?
—Physics ______. I think it’s very interesting.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are；is
考點(diǎn)四：
1. “the + 形容詞”表示一類人作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等。
2. “the + 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示某一家人或夫婦兩人，其作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【考例鏈接】
( )1. The old ______ our help, so we should care for them.
A. refuses B. refuse
C. needs D. need
( )2. The Greens ______ a TV show now.
A. is watching B. are watching
C. watch D. watches
考點(diǎn)五：定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
【考例鏈接】
( )—I really want to relax myself. Could we see City Danger tonight?
—Sure! The actor ______ a hero used to be a schoolteacher. I like him very much.
A. who play B. which plays
C. who plays D. that play
就近一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與其最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
考點(diǎn)一：以or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ... 等連接的名詞(或代詞)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要和離它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
【考例鏈接】
( )1. Not only you but also everyone here ______ watching football matches.
A. likes B. like C. is like
( )2. Neither Li Hua nor I ______ good at writing.
A. am B. is C. are
( )3. —What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice ______ OK. I don’t mind.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
考點(diǎn)二：在there be 句型中，如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語時(shí)，主語與謂語的一致通常遵循就近一致原則。
【考例鏈接】
( )1. There ______ a pencil and some pens in the box.
A. is B. are C. aren’t
( )2. Don’t worry. There ______ enough water, vegetables and fruits in the fridge.
A. have B. are C. is
