考點(diǎn)精講
1. 并列連詞
常見的并列連詞有and，but，or，not….but….(不是…而是….),not only…but also….(不僅….而且….);neither….nor…..(既不….也不….)either….or….(要么….要么….)
用法：并列的成分保持一致（可以并列主語，謂語，賓語，狀語等）
例如：She is not a teacher but a doctor.(并列賓語)
Tom is not in the library but in the room.(并列狀語)
Either Li lei or Jim goes to see a movie.(并列主語)
注意：在高考中主要是結(jié)合句意來理解
例如：
1） He is a shy man,_____ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京)
解析：結(jié)合句意，他是個(gè)害羞的人，但不怕任何事和任何人。表轉(zhuǎn)折故填but。
2） Give me a chance,____I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.(天津高考)
解析：根據(jù)句意：給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我就會(huì)給你個(gè)偉大的驚喜。此時(shí)這里表示并列關(guān)系，故填and。
2. 狀語從句
連接兩個(gè)對(duì)立的分句;連詞后的句子為從句，另個(gè)句子是主句；
例如：If you can study hard,(從句) you will be successful.（主句）
1） when, while ,as的用法
都可以表示“當(dāng)…..時(shí)候”；可以相互替換；
as、when、while用法一覽表
|
類別 |
作 用 |
例 句 |
|
as |
as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。 |
She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí)) The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時(shí)) |
|
when |
(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。 |
It was raining when we arrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn)) When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)) |
|
while |
while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示a period of time時(shí)，兩者可以互換。 |
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，這里的while意思是“趁……”) |
注意：when還可以表示這時(shí)，突然的意思；
例如：We are having a meeting when someone breaks into the room.（when這里表示突然）
while可以表示然而，盡管等含義
例如：He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.(表示對(duì)比關(guān)系)
2） 表示“一…….就……”的連詞
有：as soon as, once, immediately,instantly, the moment,the minute, hardly……when……, no sooner…..than……;
例如：As soon as I get home, I start to do my homework.
3） 容易混淆的連詞
有：as long as (只要)；even if/even though即使；as if /as though 好像；now that 既然；in case 以防；萬一；so that 以便于等
4） 讓步狀語從句
（1）although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。
Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
（2）even if或even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“即使”，“縱然”，用來使人注意下文所強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。
I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
（3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑問詞，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。
Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
Whoever breaks the law will be published.
No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.
（4）as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。要用倒裝。
Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy.
Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
5）because, for, as, since, now that的區(qū)別
（1）表示不知道的原因時(shí)用because,即說話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.
for雖然表示不知道的原因，但其語氣較because要弱得多，是可說可不說的話，它只能置于主句之后，這時(shí)，for是并列連詞。如果不是因果關(guān)系，而是對(duì)前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時(shí)，只能用for。如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。）
（2）表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或since,即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時(shí)卻相反。
2015年—2019年全國卷語法專項(xiàng)
語法填空
So, get an early start and try to be as productive ____ possible before lunch.(2016年全國2)
解析：考查as+adj+as possible的結(jié)構(gòu)，故填as；
In much of Asia, especially the so-called＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(2016年全國3)
解析：根據(jù)China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam,可知表示并列關(guān)系，故填and；
Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. (2016年全國3)
解析：根據(jù)句意，隨著人口的增長，……;故填連詞 as表示伴隨；
I work not because I have to, because I want to.
解析：根據(jù)句意，我工作不是因?yàn)槲冶仨?，而是我想要工作，表轉(zhuǎn)折，填but；
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,_____he’s in his nineties.(2016,北京)
解析：根據(jù)句子的意思；我的爺爺有時(shí)還打網(wǎng)球，盡管他90多歲了，故，填though。
I really enjoy listening to music____ it helps me relax and takes my
mind away from other cares of the day.（北京高考）
解析：本題考查原因狀語從句，根據(jù)含義，故填because/as.
_____online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.(浙江高考)
解析：根據(jù)句意，雖然網(wǎng)上購物已改變我們的生活，但并非所有的影響都是積極的，故填 Thouth/While
短文改錯(cuò)
There the air is clean or the mountains are green.（2015年全國1）
Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .（2016年全國1）
Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking. （2016年全國1）
If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.（2016年全國2）
Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.(2017年全國1)
I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.（2017年全國3）
At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.（2018年全國1）
The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.（2018年全國2）
Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.（2018年全國3）
10. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.(2019年全國1)
11. Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.(2019年全國2)
12. When I studied chemistry in high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.（2019年全國3）
短文改錯(cuò)：
1.or改為and；2.去掉but；3.or改為and；4.but改為and；5.so改為but或yet；6.and改為but；7.but改為and；8.where改為when；9.and改為or；10.where改為when；11.but改為and；12.or改為and；
